Lifeboat Foundation: Safeguarding Humanity
Toggle light / dark theme

Blog

Get the latest international news and world events from around the world.

Log in for authorized contributors

Abstract: Helping cancer lose its grip

Here, Pengda Liu & team show SPOP inhibitors act as molecular glue degraders, stabilizing and activating STING to enhance immunotherapy in melanoma mouse models:

The figure shows the SPOP inhibitor 6lc reduces CBX4 and BMI1 foci, while ectopic CBX4 restores BMI1 foci and H2AX interactions.

4Department of Pharmacology.

5Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, and.

6UNC Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.

Role of brain’s immune system in social withdrawal during sickness

“I just can’t make it tonight. You have fun without me.” Across much of the animal kingdom, when infection strikes, social contact shuts down. A new study details how the immune and central nervous systems implement this sickness behavior.

It makes perfect sense that when we’re battling an infection, we lose our desire to be around others. That protects them from getting sick and lets us get much needed rest. What hasn’t been as clear is how this behavior change happens.

In the research published in Cell, scientists used multiple methods to demonstrate causally that when the immune system cytokine interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) reaches the IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1) on neurons in a brain region called the dorsal raphe nucleus, that activates connections with the intermediate lateral septum to shut down social behavior.

“Our findings show that social isolation following immune challenge is self-imposed and driven by an active neural process, rather than a secondary consequence of physiological symptoms of sickness, such as lethargy,” said study co-senior author.

Neurons use physical signals, not electricity, to stabilize communication

Every movement you make and every memory you form depends on precise communication between neurons. When that communication is disrupted, the brain must rapidly rebalance its internal signaling to keep circuits functioning properly. New research from the USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences shows that neurons can stabilize their signaling using a fast, physical mechanism—not the electrical activity scientists long assumed was required.

The discovery, published recently in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, reveals a system that doesn’t depend on the flow of charged particles to maintain signaling when part of a synapse—the junction between neurons—suddenly stops working.

Maintaining this balance between neurons is essential for muscle control, learning and overall brain health. Failure to maintain this “homeostasis” has been linked to neurological conditions such as epilepsy and autism.

Real-time tracking of mRNP complex assembly reveals various mechanisms that synergistically enhance translation repression

Using single-molecule fluorescence microscopy, Payr et al. reveal how multiple RNA-binding proteins synergize to repress translation. One RNA-binding protein binds via facilitated diffusion, recruits other proteins with highly accelerated on rate, and gets stabilized by several co-factors. The findings highlight various mRNP assembly mechanism as key to efficient translational control.

‘Zombie’ cells spark inflammation in severe fatty liver disease, researchers find

Mayo Clinic researchers have uncovered how aging “zombie cells” trigger harmful inflammation that accelerates a severe and increasingly common form of fatty liver disease called metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). As obesity rates rise worldwide, MASH is projected to increase and is already one of the leading causes of liver transplantation.

“Liver scarring and inflammation are hallmarks of MASH. If left untreated, it can progress to liver cancer. This is why it’s so important to understand the mechanisms driving the disease so that we can prevent it or develop more effective treatments,” says Stella Victorelli, Ph.D., who is the lead author of the study published in Nature Communications.

Dr. Victorelli and colleagues, who study aged or senescent “zombie” cells, identified a mechanism by which these cells drive liver scarring and inflammation. They found that small molecules called mitochondrial RNA, typically found within the cell’s energy-producing mitochondria, can leak into the main part of the cell, where they mistakenly activate antiviral sensors called RIG-I and MDA5—normally triggered when a virus infects a cell. In this case, the danger signal comes from the cell’s own mitochondria, prompting a wave of inflammation that can damage nearby healthy tissue.

Fertility gene helps glioblastoma tumors survive chemotherapy and return after treatment, researchers discover

Research by University of Sydney scientists has uncovered a mechanism that may explain why glioblastoma returns after treatment, offering new clues for future therapies which they will now investigate as part of an Australian industry collaboration.

Glioblastoma is one of the deadliest brain cancers, with a median survival rate of just 15 months. Despite surgery and chemotherapy, more than 1,250 clinical trials over the past 20 years have struggled to improve survival rates.

Published in Nature Communications, the study shows that a small population of drug-tolerant cells known as “persister cells” rewires its metabolism to survive chemotherapy, using an unexpected ally as an invisibility cloak: a fertility gene called PRDM9.

How 3 imaginary physics demons tore up the laws of nature

Science has a rich tradition of physics by imagination. From the 16th century, scientists and philosophers have conjured ‘demons’ that test the limits of our strongest theories of reality.

Three stand out today: Laplace’s demon, capable of perfectly predicting the future; Loschmidt’s demon, which could reverse time and violate the second law of thermodynamics; and Maxwell’s demon, which create a working heat engine at no cost.

Though imaginary, these paradoxical beings have pushed physicists towards sharper theories. From quantum theory to thermodynamics, these demons have legacies that we still feel today.

Image: Antonio Sortino

Three thought experiments involving “demons” have haunted physics for centuries. What should we make of them today?

/* */