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Category: cosmology

Study unveils the dual nature of a young stellar object

Astronomers from the Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES) in India and elsewhere have conducted a long-term photometric and spectroscopic study of a young stellar object known as V1180 Cassiopeiae. Results of the study, published December 23 on the arXiv preprint server, unveil the dual nature of this object.

Young stellar objects (YSOs) are stars in the early stages of evolution; in particular, protostars and pre-main sequence (PMS) stars. They are usually observed embedded in dense molecular clumps, environments containing plenty of molecular gas and interstellar dust.

Given that episodic accretion processes occur in YSOs, these objects may experience accretion-driven outbursts. Astronomers usually divide such events into EX Lup (also known as EXors) and FU Ori outbursts (or FUors). EXors are a few magnitudes in amplitude, and last from a few months to one or two years. FUors are more extreme and rare as they can be up to 5–6 magnitudes in amplitude and last from decades to even centuries.

The origin of space time matter and everything

On the Same Origin of Spacetime, Matter, and Everything https://lnkd.in/gCs9XBzx What if space, time, matter, gravity, dark matter, and dark energy all come from one thing: quantum entanglement? 1. Reality starts as a quantum state (not spacetime) In EWOG, the universe does **not** begin with space and time. It begins with a single quantum state: |Ψ⟩ ∈ No coordinates No distances No clocks Only quantum information. ➡ Spacetime appears later. 2. Geometry is quantum, not classical Spacetime is not a background — it is made of operators: ĝ_μν, R̂_μν, R̂ What we experience as classical spacetime is just the **average**: g_μν = ⟨ ĝ_μν ⟩ Intuition: Spacetime is a *shadow* cast by quantum entanglement. 3.

Finding runaway stars to help map dark matter in the Milky Way

Hypervelocity stars have, since the 1920s, been an important tool that allows astronomers to study the properties of the Milky Way galaxy, such as its gravitational potential and the distribution of matter. Now astronomers from China have made a large-volume search for hypervelocity stars by utilizing a special class of stars known for their distinct, regular, predictable pulsation behavior that makes them useful as distance indicators.

Their research is published in The Astrophysical Journal.

The escape velocity of any planet, star or galaxy is the velocity required for a mass, leaving the object’s surface, to coast completely and exactly out of the planet’s gravitational well, going to infinity. Earth’s escape velocity is 11.2 kilometers per second (km/s).

Searching for light dark matter by tracking its direction with quantum sensors

Dark matter is an elusive type of matter that does not emit, absorb or reflect light, interacting very weakly with ordinary matter. These characteristics make it impossible to detect using conventional technologies used by physicists to study matter particles.

As it has never been observed before, the exact composition of dark matter remains unknown. One proposed theory is that this elusive type of matter is comprised of light particles with very small masses, below 1 eV (electronvolt), which behave more like waves than particles.

Researchers at the University of Tokyo and Chuo University recently explored the possibility of searching for sub-GeV dark matter using quantum sensors, advanced systems that rely on quantum mechanical effects to detect extremely weak signals.

This Quantum Paradox Is So Strange, It Terrifies Scientists

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When people hear the word “paradox,” they usually think of something like a logic puzzle or a brain teaser. Something strange, but mostly harmless. But in quantum physics, paradoxes aren’t just puzzles. They point to something much deeper—a place where our understanding of reality breaks down.

1:13 Quantum Paradox.
8:53 The Quantum Eraser Paradox.
13:52 Wigner’s Friend (Observer vs. Observer)
19:50 Time Symmetry and Retrocausality.
26:26 Quantum Pseudo-Telepathy.
32:28 Quantum Cheshire Cat.
38:18 The Quantum Suicide Twist.
44:20 The Black Hole Information Paradox.
51:02 The Measurement Problem.
57:42 Closing the Loop.

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ASKAP discovers a spectacular outflow in a nearby galaxy

Using the Australian Square Kilometer Array Pathfinder (ASKAP), an international team of astronomers has discovered a spectacular bipolar outflow from the disk of a nearby galaxy known as ESO 130-G012. The finding was reported in a paper published December 17 on the pre-print server arXiv.

ESO 130-G012 is an edge-on galaxy at a distance of some 55 million light years, with an estimated stellar mass of about 11 billion solar masses. The galaxy has a star-formation rate at a level of 0.2 solar masses per year and hosts a black hole approximately 50 million times more massive than the sun.

Hunting for dark matter axions with a quantum-powered haloscope

Axions are hypothetical light particles that could solve two different physics problems, as they could explain why some nuclear interactions don’t violate time symmetry and are also promising dark matter candidates. Dark matter is a type of matter that does not emit, reflect or absorb light, and has never been directly observed before.

Axions are very light particles theorized to have been produced in the early universe but that would still be present today. These particles are expected to interact very weakly with ordinary matter and sometimes convert into photons (i.e., light particles), particularly in the presence of a strong magnetic field.

The QUAX (Quest for Axions/QUaerere AXion) collaboration is a large group of researchers based at different institutes in Italy, which was established to search for axions using two haloscopes located in Italy at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL) and Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (LNF), respectively.

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