Pigs which express tdTomato upon Cre or CRISPR editing of a genetic cassette inserted into their genome. (Pig analogue of Ai9 mice). This model system will aid translational preclinical studies for gene editing therapies.
A “turn-on” swine reporter model is developed to characterize local and systemic delivery of gene editors in vivo using viral or non-viral vectors. This adds the functionality of a reporter to preclinical gene delivery research in a large animal model that is more broadly accessible than nonhuman primates.
I originally created a list of 160+ companies with detailed descriptions for each one. But updating the list manually takes a lot of time. So, I used ChatGPT and Claude to add a new batch of company website links I had collected (190 entries are now on the list). Hopefully I can continue expanding using this method. While I don’t learn about the new entries as directly since I’m not the one adding them, this will nonetheless be useful for keeping up with the fast-paced biotech world. I hope you find it useful as well!
I used ChatGPT and Claude to expand and revise/update my original 160+ entry list of biotech companies (now at 190 entries). I hope you find this expanded list and its descriptions useful!
Opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, Ca2+ overload, and mitochondrial fragmentation are early features of stroke-induced brain injury observed in experimental models.
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and activation of the cyclophilin D– reactive oxygen species–NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3–matrix metalloproteinase-9 axis are associated with intracranial aneurysm progression, linking mitochondrial stress to vascular wall instability.
Disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis exacerbates vascular pathology in intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis, arteriovenous malformations, and cavernous malformation, indicating a shared mitochondrial contribution across cerebrovascular disorders.
Pharmacological modulation of mitochondrial permeability, redox signaling, proprotein convertase subtilisin/ kexin type 9, and mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase pathways shows robust preclinical efficacy, while clinical outcomes remain heterogeneous.
Experimental studies support the feasibility of mitochondrial transplantation in models of cerebrovascular injury, including stroke. sciencenewshighlights ScienceMission https://sciencemission.com/Mito-dysfunction-in-CVD
Mitochondria are central regulators of cerebrovascular health through their control of energy metabolism, Ca2+ homeostasis, and redox signaling, and their dysfunction represents a convergent pathogenic mechanism across cerebrovascular diseases. In ischemic stroke, mitochondrial failure exacerbates neuronal injury via permeability transition pore opening, oxidative stress, and bioenergetic collapse, while altered mitochondrial dynamics and the release of mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns amplify neuroinflammation during reperfusion. Beyond stroke, mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to intracranial aneurysms, atherosclerotic stenosis, and vascular malformations, where oxidative stress, mitochondrial DNA instability, and cell type-specific metabolic reprogramming drive vascular remodeling and lesion progression.
Role of NADPH enzymes in pancreatic cancer.
Pancreas repair following injury involves reversible acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) and oncogenic KRAS mutations can progress ADM to pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) but, the metabolic alterations in these precancerous lesions are not established.
In 2 studies published in Nature Metabolism, researchers demonstrate decline in NADPH producing enzymes that reduce oxidative stress and protect the pancreatic cells.
In one study, the authors show aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L2 (ALDH1L2), an NADPH-producing mitochondrial enzyme expression level decreases progressively during ADM and is completely absent in pancreatic ductal cells. ALDH1L2 loss elevates ROS and promotes ADM in a model of pancreatitis and accelerates tumor progression in models of pancreatic cancer.
In the 2nd study, the authors show NRF2-target genes are significantly induced in ADM. Among these, genes encoding NADPH-producing enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and malic enzyme 1 (ME1), which participate in the regulation of oxidative stress.
In mouse models of pancreatic tumorigenesis, G6PD deficiency or Me1 loss increases reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, which is accompanied by accelerated formation of ADM and PanIN lesions. The authors also show that Me1 loss, but not G6PD deficiency, promotes faster PDAC progression. sciencenewshighlights Science Mission https://www.nature.com/articles/s42255-026-01496-x https://sciencemission.com/NADPH-producing-enzymes https://sciencemission.com/ALDH1L2-regulates-reactive-oxygen-species
Cell division is one of the most fundamental and complex processes underpinning life. In human cells, thousands of molecules coordinate with one another in highly precise steps, all within a fraction of a second. But things don’t always go as planned.
Before a cell divides into two, it must first copy its DNA, so that each new cell receives a complete set. Occasionally, what can happen is, a cell successfully copies its DNA but then fails to split into two. When this happens, the cell is left with two copies of its DNA—a condition known as whole genome duplication (WGD).
One way to picture this is to imagine photocopying a document. Normally, you would make two copies and place one in each folder. In whole genome duplication, the copies are made but not separated, leaving one folder with both copies.
Proton beams are not only used in sophisticated nuclear physics experiments. Today, they are becoming increasingly popular in radiotherapy, where they are an irreplaceable tool for destroying cancer cells. Doctors and physicists can enhance their precision thanks to two solutions developed at the Cyclotron Center Bronowice of the Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences.
In oncology, it is crucial to precisely eliminate cancer cells while causing as little damage as possible to healthy cells. For physicists, on the other hand, it is essential to have a precise understanding of the conditions under which they conduct their experiments. In the case of proton beams, used in radiotherapy and nuclear physics experiments, knowing the kinetic energy of the particles is key.
Does quantum mechanics actually imply that every possible outcome of every decision happens somewhere in an expansive reality? And if so, what does that mean for probability, free will, and our understanding of the universe itself?
Brian Greene sits down with David Deutsch, widely regarded as the father of quantum computing, to examine what many physicists are still reluctant to accept about their own theory. They explore why the many-worlds interpretation isn’t just a philosophical curiosity, what the wave function is really telling us about reality, and how decision theory may rescue probability in a fully deterministic multiverse. Deutsch also introduces constructor theory, his framework for rethinking the foundations of physics entirely and explains why the questions we’ve been trained not to ask might be the most important ones in all of science.
This program is part of the Rethinking Reality series, supported by the John Templeton Foundation.
Participant: David Deutsch.
Moderator: Brian Greene.
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Background Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) may radiologically identify or confirm underlying pathophysiologies in myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA), however, there are scant prospective data evaluating the impact on routine clinical care.
Methods In a multicentre international cohort study of MINOCA, clinical diagnosis, diagnostic certainty and intended clinical management were prospectively determined before and again after CMR. The primary outcome was a composite of change in clinical diagnosis and/or management. Secondary outcomes were individual components of the primary outcome, change in diagnostic certainty and number-needed-to-test for deprescription of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). Predictors of the primary outcome were evaluated by multivariable logistic regression analysis.
Results In 320 patients, CMR was associated with change in diagnosis and/or management in 63% (95% CI 57% to 68%, p0.001) and significantly increased diagnostic certainty (8÷10 post-CMR (5–9) vs 6/10 pre-CMR (4–7), p0.0001). Relevant predictors of the primary outcome on multivariable analysis were early CMR (≤14 days), absence of atheroma on coronary angiography and significant pre-CMR diagnostic uncertainty (≤5/10); CMR changed diagnosis and/or management in 80% of individuals with all three predictors versus 40% in those with none. In individuals where treating physicians initially chose to prescribe DAPT despite no obstructive culprit lesion, number-needed-to-test by CMR for DAPT deprescription was 3.