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Cancer cells co-opt nociceptive nerves to thrive in nutrient-poor environments and upon nutrient-starvation therapies

(Cell Metabolism 34, 1999–2017.e1–e10; December 6, 2022)

We recently identified several errors during a routine review of the data associated with the published article.

In Figure 2A, the dataset corresponding to the Boyden chamber co-culture condition was inadvertently duplicated from the conditioned media dataset during the preparation of the source data files. The figure itself was generated using the correct raw experimental datasets at the time of analysis and plotting. Therefore, the quantitative results shown in the published figure remain accurate. We have now corrected the source data files by restoring the appropriate raw dataset for the Boyden chamber co-culture condition. The corrected source data are consistent with the originally reported results and do not affect the conclusions of the study.

A renewable cell source for cancer immunotherapy could make off-the-shelf treatments possible

In a paper published in Cell, a USC Stem Cell-led team reports a new way of generating a renewable and expandable supply of the progenitor cells that give rise to macrophages. These immune cells help drive the body’s response against pathogens, and they hold strong promise as the basis for immunotherapies against cancer and other diseases.

The paper, “Expansion and CAR Engineering of Granulocyte-Monocyte Progenitors for Cellular Immunotherapy,” demonstrates that progenitor cells known as granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (GMPs), which give rise to macrophages and other immune cells, can be extensively expanded in the laboratory and engineered both to target specific cancer markers and to help stimulate broader immune responses.

“The study establishes a scalable and engineerable GMP platform for cellular immunotherapy and introduces concepts that we believe could have broad implications for both cancer immunotherapy and stem cell biology,” said the paper’s corresponding author Qi-Long Ying, MD, Ph.D., professor of stem cell biology and regenerative medicine at the Keck School of Medicine of USC.

Targeting enzyme could block cancer spread to brain with fewer side effects

A new study has identified a more precise and effective way to prevent cancer from spreading to the brain. The paper, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, details the development of novel drug candidates that target a key enzyme implicated in the spread of lung, breast, skin and other cancers to the brain. The work builds on a promising new therapeutic strategy first reported by the same group of researchers last year.

The new drug candidates are designed to intercept rogue cancer cells before they depart from primary tumors and ultimately travel to the brain.

Lead author Sheila Singh, based at both King’s College London and McMaster University, says this type of cancer—called metastatic brain cancer—is the most common type of brain tumor in adults and comes with an extremely grim outlook, with 90% of patients dying within one year of diagnosis.

UNM Researchers Find Alarmingly High Levels of Microplastics in Human Brains — and Concentrations are Growing Over Time

Microplastics – tiny bits of degraded polymers that are ubiquitous in our air, water and soil – have lodged themselves throughout the human body, including the liver, kidney, placenta and testes, over the past half century.

Now, University of New Mexico Health Sciences researchers have found microplastics in human brains, and at much higher concentrations than in other organs. Worse, the plastic accumulation appears to be growing over time, having increased by 50% over just the past eight years.

In a new study published in Nature Medicine, a team led by toxicologist Matthew Campen, PhD, Distinguished and Regents’ Professor in the UNM College of Pharmacy, reported that plastic concentrations in the brain appeared higher than in the liver or kidney, and higher than previous reports for placentas and testes.

Neuron-targeted gene therapy rescues multiple phenotypes of STXBP1-related disorders in mice and is well tolerated in nonhuman primates

Aeran and colleagues present research on targeted gene therapy vector engineering and pre-clinical testing of neuron-targeted AAV9-based constructs for STXBP1-related neurodevelopmental and epileptic encephalopathies. Candidate vectors designed to target specific neuronal types and detarget tissues associated with toxicity produced robust phenotypic reversal in Stxbp1 +/− mice and were well tolerated in monkeys.

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Lab-on-a-chip platform shows how immune cells attack cancer cells

Immunotherapies are a promising approach in the fight against cancer. Researchers at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) have developed a lab-on-a-chip system called CellTrap. It makes it possible to observe the interactions between immune cells and cancer cells at the single-cell level. The method is intended to reveal fundamental processes in cancer immunology and answer key questions. The technology is described in the journal RSC Advances.

Established laboratory tests mainly capture average values across many cells and show, for example, how many cancer cells survive after contact with immune cells. What happens in detail—how each cell reacts and interacts with others—remains hidden. However, to better understand the effectiveness of immunotherapies, the precise timing of a cell-cell interaction is often crucial: when contact, activation and, ultimately, the killing of the cancer cell occur.

Gene tied to energy production in brain could lead to new treatment for cognitive disorders

Researchers in the Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at the University at Buffalo have discovered a connection between a specific gene and healthy brain function. “The hope is that this discovery could eventually lead to expanded treatment for psychiatric and neurological disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and autism,” explains Mikhail V. Pletnikov, MD, Ph.D., professor and chair of the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, the senior author of the study with Kateryna (Kate) Murlanova, Ph.D., the first lead author and a research scientist in the department.

They discovered that the NPAS3 gene expressed in astrocytes—the cells that help with brain chemistry—regulates the energy production required to support thinking and memory. NPAS3 is a transcription factor, which means it directs how certain genes work and influences how cells function. Their findings are published in Science Advances.

“Previous studies have linked NPAS3 to conditions involving cognitive problems, such as schizophrenia, but scientists didn’t know exactly how it might be involved,” Pletnikov says.

The Role of Tau Pathology in Alzheimer’s Disease and Down Syndrome

Background: Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) exhibit an almost complete penetrance of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology but are underrepresented in clinical trials for AD. The Tau protein is associated with microtubule function in the neuron and is crucial for normal axonal transport. In several different neurodegenerative disorders, Tau misfolding leads to hyper-phosphorylation of Tau (p-Tau), which may seed pathology to bystander cells and spread. This review is focused on current findings regarding p-Tau and its potential to seed pathology as a “prion-like” spreader. It also considers the consequences of p-Tau pathology leading to AD, particularly in individuals with Down syndrome. Methods: Scopus (SC) and PubMed (PM) were searched in English using keywords “tau AND seeding AND brain AND down syndrome”

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