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Niels Henrik David Bohr was born in Copenhagen on October 7, 1885, as the son of Christian Bohr, Professor of Physiology at Copenhagen University, and his wife Ellen, née Adler. Niels, together with his younger brother Harald (the future Professor in Mathematics), grew up in an atmosphere most favourable to the development of his genius – his father was an eminent physiologist and was largely responsible for awakening his interest in physics while still at school, his mother came from a family distinguished in the field of education.

After matriculation at the Gammelholm Grammar School in 1903, he entered Copenhagen University where he came under the guidance of Professor C. Christiansen, a profoundly original and highly endowed physicist, and took his Master’s degree in Physics in 1909 and his Doctor’s degree in 1911.

While still a student, the announcement by the Academy of Sciences in Copenhagen of a prize to be awarded for the solution of a certain scientific problem, caused him to take up an experimental and theoretical investigation of the surface tension by means of oscillating fluid jets. This work, which he carried out in his father’s laboratory and for which he received the prize offered (a gold medal), was published in the Transactions of the Royal Society, 1908.

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The results from the study show that it is possible to use MindGlide to accurately identify and measure important brain tissues and lesions even with limited MRI data and single types of scans that aren’t usually used for this purpose—such as T2-weighted MRI without FLAIR (a type of scan that highlights fluids in the body but still contains bright signals, making it harder to see plaques). “Our results demonstrate that clinically meaningful tissue segmentation and lesion quantification are achievable even with limited MRI data and single contrasts not typically used for these tasks (e.g., T2-weighted MRI without FLAIR),” they stated. “Importantly, our findings generalized across datasets and MRI contrasts. Our training used only FLAIR and T1 images, yet the model successfully processed new contrasts (like PD and T2) from different scanners and periods encountered during external validation.”

As well as performing better at detecting changes in the brain’s outer layer, MindGlide also performed well in deeper brain areas. The findings were valid and reliable both at one point in time and over longer periods (i.e., at annual scans attended by patients). Additionally, MindGlide was able to corroborate previous high-quality research regarding which treatments were most effective. “In clinical trials, MindGlide detected treatment effects on T2-lesion accrual and cortical and deep grey matter volume loss. In routine-care data, T2-lesion volume increased with moderate-efficacy treatment but remained stable with high-efficacy treatment,” the investigators wrote in summary.

The researchers now hope that MindGlide can be used to evaluate MS treatments in real-world settings, overcoming previous limitations of relying solely on high-quality clinical trial data, which often did not capture the full diversity of people with MS.

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Abstract

As the number of reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) procedures increases, so does the incidence of revision surgery. Baseplate-related complications account for the highest proportion of these revisions, and it has been reported that improving baseplate fixation reduces the likelihood of failure. The present study aims to evaluate the initial stability of the baseplate to the glenoid after RSA. A finite element analysis (FEA) was performed using LS-DYNA models of the scapula and the SMR shoulder system, with a load of 30 N applied in both abduction and flexion, using the baseplate implantation surface as the reference. Micromotion was defined as the difference in displacement between the baseplate and the scapular fossa. The results demonstrated that micromotion between the glenoid and the baseplate diminished with increasing elevation in both abduction and flexion. It is hypothesised that in the SMR shoulder system, the screws are pressed into the glenoid during abduction, thereby contributing to enhanced initial stability.

RSA, rTSA, Baseplate, Finite Element Methods, Micromotion.

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The return of the Dire wolves?

Colossal Biosciences’ project to revive the once-extinct dire wolf could also prevent existing but endangered animals from slipping into extinction themselves.

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The world is littered with trillions of micro- and nanoscopic pieces of plastic. These can be smaller than a virus—just the right size to disrupt cells and even alter DNA. Researchers find them almost everywhere they’ve looked, from Antarctic snow to human blood.

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Northwestern Medicine investigators have discovered previously unknown metabolic changes that may contribute to the development of estrogen receptor–negative (ERneg) breast cancer, according to recent findings published in Science Advances.

The study, led by Susan Clare, ‘90 MD, ‘88 Ph.D., research associate professor of Surgery, and Seema Khan, MD, the Bluhm Family Professor of Cancer, has the potential to inform new targeted preventives and therapeutics for patients who currently have limited treatment options.

Mariana Bustamante Eduardo, Ph.D., a postdoctoral fellow in the Khan/Clare laboratory, was lead author of the study.

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Suming Huang & team show the HoxBlin c long non-coding RNA serves as an oncogenic regulator that controls 3D nuclear organization, chromatin accessibility and gene transcription related to leukemogenesis.

The figure shows H&E staining of sternum and spleen from WT and B-ALL HoxBlin c Tg mice.

1Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.

2Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.

3Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

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In this Review, Della Valle et al. discuss the role of retrotransposable elements (RTEs) in the onset and progression of ageing and ageing-related disease, including evidence that environmental stressors act through RTEs to shift the trajectory towards unhealthy ageing.

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