Why immunoscores work in solid tumors—but not yet in blood cancers👇

✅In solid tumors, immune profiling has reached a high level of standardization. Clear tumor boundaries allow quantification of immune cell infiltration, particularly CD3⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells, using immunohistochemistry. This has led to the development of validated immunoscores that stratify tumors as “hot,” “cold,” or “very cold,” providing robust prognostic and predictive value for immunotherapy response.

✅These immunoscores work because solid tumors are spatially organized. Immune cells can be classified as infiltrating or excluded, and their density within defined tumor regions directly correlates with clinical outcome. As a result, immune cell infiltration has become a reliable biomarker to guide treatment decisions in cancers such as colon carcinoma.

✅In contrast, hematologic malignancies lack these defining features. Leukemias and lymphomas are systemic diseases without clear tumor borders, making spatial immune assessment fundamentally challenging. Malignant and nonmalignant immune cells coexist within the same compartments, blurring the distinction between tumor cells and the immune microenvironment.

✅Current immune profiling in hematologic cancers relies on baseline physiological levels of circulating or tissue-resident immune cells, including monocytes, neutrophils, T cells, NK cells, and B cells. While techniques such as flow cytometry, histology, and bulk or single-cell RNA sequencing provide rich datasets, they do not yet translate into a unified, clinically actionable immune score.

✅This lack of standardization creates uncertainty in predicting immunotherapy responses. Metrics such as inflammation, cytotoxicity, or immune infiltration are difficult to interpret consistently across patients and disease subtypes, especially given systemic involvement and tissue-specific immune contexts.

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An international collaboration involving researchers from the University of Innsbruck has developed a novel luminescent material that enables particularly robust and precise optical temperature sensing across an exceptionally broad temperature range.

Optical luminescence thermometry has been gaining increasing attention, as it allows contactless temperature measurement even under extreme conditions. A key concept in this field is so-called ratiometric Boltzmann thermometry, in which the intensity ratio of two thermally coupled emission transitions directly follows the temperature. The performance of such thermometers crucially depends on the electronic structure of the luminescent ion and its incorporation into the host structure.

In a recent study, the two first authors, Gülsüm Kinik from the research group of Prof. Markus Suta at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf and Ingo Widmann from the research group of Prof. Hubert Huppertz at the Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry at the University of Innsbruck, reported the compound Al_0.993 Cr_0.007 B₄ O₆ N, which stands out as an exceptionally high-performance luminescence thermometer. The material is based on Cr³⁺ ions embedded in an almost ideal octahedral coordination environment, resulting in a particularly well-defined energy level scheme.