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Category: mapping

Quantum memory surpasses classical limits for storing unknown quantum operations

Quantum memories, systems that store and retrieve information leveraging quantum mechanical effects, can outperform classical storage systems on some existing tasks. Yet these promising memories could also complete operations that are very difficult or impossible for classical systems, including the storage and retrieval of so-called isometry channels.

Isometry channels are transformations that entail mapping a smaller quantum system onto a larger one while preserving quantum information.

In a paper published in Physical Review Letters, researchers at the University of Tokyo showed that quantum methods significantly outperform classical ones in the storage and retrieval of these transformations.

Lunar orbiter concept could reveal five key elements across moon in two years

Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University have used simulations to show that a newly developed, compact X-ray telescope could be used to map the chemical composition of the entire lunar surface, a vital breakthrough for understanding its geological evolution. Detailed modeling of the detector and a realistic satellite mission show that two years would be enough to map five key elements, while an array of 5-by-5 detectors could improve resolution and get results faster.

The geological evolution of the moon remains a mystery to scientists. This reflects how challenging it is to get accurate information, such as a complete map of the geochemistry of the lunar surface. Since we cannot readily go and collect samples from anywhere, scientists use a technology known as X-ray fluorescence imaging, in which detectors directed at the moon are used to pick up X-rays released by specific elements when they are hit by solar rays.

While observations during the Apollo and Chandrayaan missions have successfully yielded partial maps, we are nowhere near a comprehensive map that might illuminate lunar geology. This is due to significant technical challenges, including a lack of sufficient illumination by solar rays during the lifetime of a mission and degradation of the detector. The illumination issue is particularly pronounced in polar regions, where solar X-rays are much weaker.

Jumping spiders inspire ultra-efficient 3D camera

This 3D camera estimates depth by comparing blur across two differently focused images of the same scene. The prototype generates real-time 3D maps while using less than a watt of power, sidestepping more energy-intensive approaches.

By borrowing a trick from tiny jumping spiders, Northwestern University engineers have developed an extremely energy-efficient 3D camera. Called SpiderCam, the new device senses depth the same way that jumping spiders judge distances before making a high-precision hop. To estimate depth, the system captures two images of the same scene with slightly different focus settings and measures subtle differences in blurriness between the two images.

With this strategy, the camera produces real-time 3D maps while consuming less than a watt of power. That’s less energy than used by a standard nightlight.

The innovation could enable a new generation of battery-powered devices that need to gauge their surroundings, like wearable technologies, assistive devices, robots and drones.

Polyamine homeostasis in Caenorhabditis elegans relies primarily on transport

Chang and Jain develop a genetically encoded reporter to measure polyamines at single-cell resolution in C. elegans. By mapping polyamine control across tissues and development, they uncover organizing principles of in vivo polyamine regulation, including widespread reliance on transport and a central role for the intestine in coordinating systemic homeostasis.

Zoltan Istvan: The Transhumanist Wager Is A Choice We’ll All Have To Make

Thirteen years ago, I sat down with a writer who had just published his first novel.

It was Zoltan Istvan’s very first media interview as a book author.

The book was The Transhumanist Wager. The question behind it was simple and almost unbearable: what would you do, and what would you give up, to live forever?

I loved half of it. I argued with the other half. That tension is exactly why I think it still matters.

Zoltan built his story out of Plato and Nietzsche, out of Thomas More’s Utopia and Zen Buddhism, then wrapped it all in an Atlas Shrugged plot of lone heroes and evil states. The philosophy is sophisticated. The framing is stark. The contradictions are not a flaw. They are the point.

One line from our conversation has stayed with me for more than a decade:

Continue reading “Zoltan Istvan: The Transhumanist Wager Is A Choice We’ll All Have To Make” | >

First direct view tracks planet-forming disk spinning around AB Aurigae

The rotation of a protoplanetary disk (a disk where planets are being formed) has been observed directly for the very first time by mapping the emissions from the dust grains within it. The disk in question surrounds the young star AB Aurigae. Although it appears to generally rotate in accordance with the laws of physics, certain regions close to the star show an unexpected departure from this behavior. A body of evidence suggests that this anomaly is caused by the presence of giant planets in the process of formation.

The study, led by scientists from the CNRS and the University of Bordeaux is published in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics. It sheds fresh light on the mechanisms of planetary formation and the complex dynamics of protoplanetary disks.

Thanks to the unique near-infrared capabilities of the SPHERE instrument and its exceptional spatial resolution, the team was able to accurately track the disk’s structures and their evolution during three sets of observations, collected over a 4-year period. The scientists identified a bright structure, characteristic of accretion zones where gas and dust accumulate and fall onto an object in the process of formation. This phenomenon is closely linked to the formation of gas giant planets.

Space station dust maps slash climate uncertainty over iron-rich particles

New research from a team of scientists led by Cornell is transforming how researchers understand one of the atmosphere’s most abundant and least understood constituents: mineral dust.

Mineral dust, composed of tiny particles lifted from arid regions including the Sahara, Middle East and East Asia, plays a complex role in Earth’s climate system. These particles both scatter and absorb radiation, influence cloud formation and even fertilize ecosystems. But until recently, scientists lacked reliable global data on the surface soils’ mineral composition, particularly on the prevalence of light-absorbing iron oxides.

Using high-resolution data from a NASA mission aboard the International Space Station, the team has reduced long-standing uncertainty about how airborne dust particles affect Earth’s energy balance through interactions with sunlight. The findings are published in the journal Nature Geoscience.

‘Atom Camera’ maps laser light at nanoscale using a single ultracold atom

A research group led by Assistant Professor Takafumi Tomita and Professor Kenji Ohmori at the Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, has developed a new microscopy technique called the Atom Camera, which uses a single ultracold atom at near absolute zero temperature trapped in an optical tweezer as a camera to visualize the intensity and polarization distributions of light at the nanometer (one-millionth of a millimeter) scale.

In this study, a single atom trapped by optical tweezer was successfully utilized as a scanning probe for imaging the fine structures of intensity and polarization distributions of light patterns with a spatial resolution beyond the diffraction limit of conventional optical microscopes. The results are published in Nature Communications.

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