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Category: life extension
New study suggests a way to rejuvenate the immune system
As people age, their immune systems decline. But a new study suggests a way to rejuvenate immune function: Stimulating the liver to produce some signals ordinarily generated by the thymus can reverse age-related declines in T-cell populations.
MIT and Broad Institute researchers found a way to overcome age-related immune system decline by temporarily programming liver cells to take over the maturation of T cells. Using mRNA, the researchers were able to rejuvenate the immune system, in a study of mice.
Elevated mtDNA copy number in older adults is linked to methylation of mitochondrial and nuclear regulatory regions
Growing evidence shows that epigenetic modification and mitochondrial dysfunction are hallmarks of aging and are associated with the development of a wide range of age-related diseases. Mitochondrial biogenesis, which is marked by mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn), is one of the major regulations of mitochondrial function by a set of transacting elements, including mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma (POLG), working on the mtDNA control region. In this study, we investigated the mtDNAcn and the methylation status at both mtDNA control and POLGA promoter regions in human blood cells from individuals with a wide range of ages. A total of 119 blood samples were collected, including 24 umbilical cord blood samples from newborns and 95 peripheral blood samples from individuals aged 18 to 96 years.
Advanced neuromorphic engineering approaches for restoring… : Regenerative Medicine Reports
Isting gap in neuromorphic engineering by mimicking biological neuron dynamics and realizing effective clinical applications to promote functional recovery and quality of life enhancement in patients with brain injury. The novel neuromorphic engineering approaches leverage the dynamic behavior of brain neurons, incorporating electronic circuits that emulate neuronal dynamics. A basic configuration involves a neural model designed to mimic the dynamics of a living neuron, with the potential to replace damaged brain tissue when implanted, thus restoring signal propagation. An enhanced configuration integrates a closed-loop system, wherein the feedback signal from biological neurons synchronizes the artificial neuron with its living counterpart, allowing continuous self-adjustment of system parameters and promoting a neuro-autogenerative regime.
Scientists reversed brain aging and memory loss in mice
Cedars-Sinai researchers created “young” immune cells from human stem cells that reversed cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s symptoms in mice. The treated animals showed better memory and healthier brain structures. The cells seemed to protect the brain indirectly, possibly through anti-aging signals in the blood. The findings suggest a new, personalized path to slowing brain aging.
Cutaneous Melanoma: A Review
The incidence and prevalence of cutaneous melanoma in the US and worldwide have increased over the last 5 decades.
Cutaneous melanoma presents as a new, changing, or irregularly pigmented skin lesion. Risk factors for cutaneous melanoma include UV radiation exposure, skin type, presence of benign and atypical nevi, and personal or family history of melanoma.
This Review summarizes current evidence regarding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of cutaneous melanoma.
Improvements in melanoma mortality over the last decade are attributed to the advent of multiple effective therapies,6 including immune checkpoint blockade with anti–cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) antibodies (ipilimumab), anti–programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibodies (nivolumab, pembrolizumab), and anti–lymphocyte activation gene 3 protein (LAG-3) antibodies (relatlimab), as well as oral combination targeted therapy with B-Raf protein (BRAF) and mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) inhibitors (eg, encorafenib + binimetinib, vemurafenib + cobimetinib, dabrafenib + trametinib).
This review summarizes current evidence regarding epidemiology and risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of cutaneous melanoma (Box).
Boosting One Mitochondrial Protein Increases Lifespan And Slows Aging in Mice
Tiny biological batteries known as mitochondria keep the body’s cells running smoothly, and their gradual decline is linked to a wide range of age-related diseases. Now scientists think they have found a way to keep mitochondria powered for longer.
A protein called COX7RP is key to this discovery from researchers at the Saitama Medical University and Chiba University in Japan. The protein is thought to help mitochondria form supercomplexes, structures that improve energy efficiency.
In the new study, male mice engineered to produce extra COX7RP showed a host of differences compared with controls, including a 6.6 percent increase in average lifespan and indicators of an extended healthspan – being able to live healthier for longer.
