Lifeboat Foundation: Safeguarding Humanity
Toggle light / dark theme

Blog

Category: energy

Stretching metals can tune catalysis: A new method predicts energy shifts

Heterogeneous catalysis—in which catalysts and reactants are of different phases, e.g., solid and gas—is important to many industrial processes and often involves solid metal as the catalyst. Ammonia synthesis, catalytic converters for automobile exhaust, methanol synthesis, carbon dioxide reduction, and hydrogen production are examples of such metal-catalyzed heterogeneous catalysis.

The electronic structure of metal surfaces governs the adsorption of reactants and intermediates, and thus the catalytic activity. For this reason, strain engineering —which tunes the electronic structure of a metal catalyst by stretching or compressing its crystal lattice—has emerged as an important strategy for enhancing catalytic performance. Unfortunately, scientists have not been able to quantify how metal strain influences adsorption energies and reaction barriers across different metal catalysts, thereby limiting the rational design of catalysts with desired properties.

To address this challenge, a research team from the Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has developed a method to predict how strain modifies adsorption energies and reaction barriers across diverse metal systems. The study is published in the journal Cell Reports Physical Science.

Helical liquid crystals can flip light’s chirality under ultralow electric fields

The direction in which the electromagnetic field of circularly polarized light rotates can be easily reversed by applying a voltage, RIKEN researchers have demonstrated. This could enable a new generation of optical devices based on circularly polarized light. The work is published in two papers in the journal Advanced Materials.

Polarized sunglasses produce light that is polarized along a single direction. But some special devices can generate light with a polarization that rotates as the light propagates. Such circularly polarized light is useful for many applications, including spectroscopy, satellite communications, stereoscopy and microscopy.

For some applications, it would be useful to switch between clockwise and anticlockwise circularly polarized light. However, this handedness is locked into the molecular structure. Known as the material’s chirality, it is used to produce the circularly polarized light. And reversing that requires a lot of energy.

New EvilTokens service fuels Microsoft device code phishing attacks

A new malicious kit called EvilTokens integrates device code phishing capabilities, allowing attackers to hijack Microsoft accounts and provide advanced features for business email compromise attacks.

The kit is sold to cybercriminals over Telegram and is under continuous development, its author stating that they plan to extend support for Gmail and Okta phishing pages.

Device code phishing attacks abuse the OAuth 2.0 device authorization flow, in which attackers gain access to a victim account by tricking the owner into authorizing a malicious device.

Shaping Dance with Physics

A physics grad student waltzed away with the top prize in the 2026 Dance Your PhD contest.

Dance is the art of human movement. It combines motion and spin, energy and balance, synchronization and cadence. Many of these concepts are familiar to physicists—even those who might panic at the mere thought of being on a dance floor. Sofia Papa can give a lesson or two on the connections between physics and dance. A physics graduate student and professional dancer, Papa won the top prize this month in the annual Dance Your PhD contest, run by the journal Science. In the winning video, she and six other dancers mimic the internal workings of a piezoelectric, a type of material that turns atomic movement into electricity.

Papa has always loved dancing. “It was my first way to express myself,” she says. For several years now, she has complemented her physics education with dance training. While the dancing has served as a break from the rigors of studying, she has also used it as a way to work through difficult physical concepts. “I’ve always needed something creative to help understand complex ideas,” she says.

What makes a good proton conductor?

A number of advanced energy technologies — including fuel cells, electrolyzers, and an emerging class of low-power electronics — use protons as the key charge carrier. Whether or not these devices will be widely adopted hinges, in part, on how efficiently they can move protons.

One class of materials known as metal oxides has shown promise in conducting protons at temperatures above 400 degrees Celsius. But researchers have struggled to find the best materials to increase the proton conductivity at lower temperatures and improve efficiency.

Now, MIT researchers have developed a physical model to predict proton mobility across a wide range of metal oxides. In a new paper, the researchers ranked the most important features of metal oxides for facilitating proton conduction, and demonstrated for the first time how much the flexibility of the materials’ oxide ions improves their ability to transfer protons.

Lab-based mini-atmosphere reveals how turbulence changes on different scales

With a new lab-based experiment, researchers in the UK and France have recreated the characteristic cascades of energy and angular momentum that underpin key features of Earth’s atmosphere. Reporting in Physical Review Letters, a team led by Peter Read at the University of Oxford has gained fresh insights into how energy fluctuations in turbulent flows are linked to their size, while also uncovering behaviors that current atmospheric models can’t yet explain.

For all its complexity, many large-scale properties of Earth’s atmosphere can be captured by relatively simple mathematical laws. Among the most important is the “cascade” of energy and rotational motion between flows spanning vastly different scales: from jet streams stretching thousands of kilometers, down to tiny eddies just a few meters across.

This cascade is central to understanding the effect of turbulence. In modern atmospheric theory, there is an inverse relationship between the size of a flow and the kinetic energy contained in its fluctuations, which allows researchers to describe turbulence using a kinetic energy spectrum. This in turn helps climatologists to track how energy is distributed across different length scales.

Breaking recalcitrant lignin bonds with electricity for conversion into value-added chemicals: An e-biorefinery

A research team led by Professor Jaehoon Kim at Sungkyunkwan University and Dr. Dong Ki Lee at the Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) has developed a highly efficient catalytic process that electrochemically converts lignin, a key component of woody biomass, into value-added aromatic compounds and cyclohexene-based compounds.

The study demonstrates that the recalcitrant ether bonds in lignin can be selectively cleaved under relatively mild conditions without the use of external hydrogen gas, while simultaneously upgrading lignin into useful chemical precursors.

The research results were published in Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy.

Reduce Energy Consumption In Unity Games With This Plug-In

Over the past few months, we’ve covered plug-ins for both Unreal Engine and Godot that optimize power use, making games more energy-efficient and helping players get more out of their battery life. They work by detecting when a player goes idle, then lowering the frame rate and rendering resolution, and during longer periods of inactivity, even pausing rendering entirely.

Now, thanks to Oliver Stock, who felt like somebody should step up and do the same for Unity, there’s a similar plug-in available for developers. It’s free and open-source, and you can get it by clicking here. It monitors player input, and when nothing’s happening, it automatically switches between different energy profiles. These profiles control which settings are adjusted, like frame rate, resolution, or physics updates. You can easily tweak or create your own profiles to suit your project’s needs.

Oliver recommends using Unity 2022.3.62f2 or newer. The plug-in currently only works with Unity’s URP or HDRP.

Magnets turn random snapping in soft metamaterials into repeatable sequences

Cutting patterns into elastic materials allows you to unfold those materials into new shapes, and researchers have now demonstrated the ability to control the sequence in which that unfolding happens by magnetizing the materials. The work represents a fundamental advance in our understanding of metamaterial behavior and has also demonstrated its utility in applications focused on absorbing kinetic energy.

The paper, “Magnetic coupling transforms random snapping into ordered sequences in soft metamaterials,” is published in the journal Science Advances.

“If you cut a T-pattern into a polymer sheet, you’ve created a metamaterial, because you’ve changed the properties of the material,” says Haoze Sun, first author of a paper on the work and a Ph.D. student at North Carolina State University. “If you pull the metamaterial sheet, all the cuts essentially pop open at once. These openings create a mesh-like pattern and extend the length of the sheet.

/* */