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MIT engineers developed a way to make clean ammonia, without fossil-fuel-powered chemical plants, using the Earth as a geochemical reactor, producing ammonia underground.
Category: energy
In the world of modern optics, frequency combs are invaluable tools. These devices act as rulers for measuring light, enabling breakthroughs in telecommunications, environmental monitoring, and even astrophysics. But building compact and efficient frequency combs has been a challenge—until now.
Electro-optic frequency combs, introduced in 1993, showed promise in generating optical combs through cascaded phase modulation but progress slowed down because of their high power demands and limited bandwidth.
This led to the field being dominated by femtosecond lasers and Kerr soliton microcombs, which, while effective, require complex tuning and high power, limiting field-ready use.
Auxin controls starch storage in seeds by boosting gene activity, energy, and sugar flow, playing a crucial role in food security.
Dive into the fascinating world of the Cori Cycle, also known as the lactic acid cycle! 🏋️♂️💡 In this video, we’ll explore how your body manages energy during intense exercise by recycling lactate from muscles back into glucose in the liver.
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When burned or used in fuel cells, hydrogen produces nothing but water, making it an ideal candidate for reducing global carbon emissions. Yet, most of the hydrogen produced today comes from fossil fuels, releasing significant amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. But now, researchers may have found a way to create carbon-free hydrogen.
A group of researchers, led by Professors Takashi Hisatomi and Kazunari Domen, built a 100-square-meter reactor that uses sunlight and photocatalysts to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. This process bypasses traditional photovoltaic-based methods, which convert sunlight into electricity before splitting water.
The new process relies on sheets of a photocatalyst called SrTiO3:Al, which are submerged in water. Sunlight activates the photocatalyst, splitting water into its molecular components. The gases can then be collected for storage and use. Because it utilizes sunlight for power, this method creates clean, carbon-free hydrogen.
A new tapered flow channel design for electrodes improves the efficiency of battery-based seawater desalination, potentially reducing energy use compared to reverse osmosis. This breakthrough may benefit other electrochemical devices, but manufacturing challenges need to be addressed.
Engineers have developed a solution to eliminate fluid flow “dead zones” in electrodes used for battery-based seawater desalination. This breakthrough involves a physics-driven tapered flow channel design within the electrodes, enabling faster and more efficient fluid movement. This design has the potential to consume less energy compared to conventional reverse osmosis techniques.
Desalination technology has faced significant challenges preventing widespread adoption. The most common method, reverse osmosis, filters salt from water by forcing it through a membrane, which is both energy-intensive and expensive. In contrast, the battery desalination method uses electricity to remove charged salt ions from the water. However, this approach also requires energy to push water through electrodes with tiny, irregular pore spaces, which has been a limiting factor—until now.
Researchers developed a durable, bioinspired ZIF-67 MOF membrane that efficiently separates propylene from propane, offering high performance, long-term stability, and industrial scalability.
Polymer-grade propylene (99.5%) is a vital raw material in the chemical industry. Its production inevitably generates propane as a byproduct in the product stream. A critical step in producing polymer-grade propylene is the separation of propylene from propane—a challenging and energy-intensive process due to the molecules’ nearly identical physical and chemical properties.
Molecular sieve membranes offer an energy-efficient and effective solution for this separation. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs.
Observing the effects of special relativity doesn’t necessarily require objects moving at a significant fraction of the speed of light. In fact, length contraction in special relativity explains how electromagnets work. A magnetic field is just an electric field seen from a different frame of reference.
So, when an electron moves in the electric field of another electron, this special relativistic effect results in the moving electron interacting with a magnetic field, and hence with the electron’s spin angular momentum.
The interaction of spin in a magnet field was, after all, how spin was discovered in the 1920 Stern Gerlach experiment. Eight years later, the pair spin-orbit interaction (or spin-orbit coupling) was made explicit by Gregory Breit in 1928 and then found in Dirac’s special relativistic quantum mechanics. This confirmed an equation for energy splitting of atomic energy levels developed by Llewellyn Thomas in 1926, due to 1) the special relativistic magnetic field seen by the electron due to its movement (“orbit”) around the positively charged nucleus, and 2) the electron’s spin magnetic moment interacting with this magnetic field.
Scientists and engineers from the University of Bristol and the UK Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) and have successfully created the world’s first carbon-14 diamond battery.
This new type of battery has the potential to power devices for thousands of years, making it an incredibly long-lasting energy source.
The battery leverages the radioactive isotope, carbon-14, known for its use in radiocarbon dating, to produce a diamond battery.