Locarno, Nava, Barsotti et al. define a fronto-coerulear anatomical-functional loop under endocannabinoid (eCB) negative feedback that regulates contextual discrimination. Prefrontal cortex (PFC) inputs drive locus coeruleus (LC) norepinephrine (NE) release to enhance cortical firing, while locally mobilized eCBs weaken PFC to LC synapses, constraining NE-dependent entrainment of PFC neuronal assemblies.
It turns out that your body is much more truthful about what is and isn’t fair than you might imagine. The rate at which we make physical movements is able to reveal whether our motives are self-interested or retaliatory.
Imagine you’re offered a split of money in an Ultimatum Game: accept a generous share or reject an insultingly low one. Your facial expression might show disgust—but what about your hand?
In new research published in The Royal Society Open Science, scientists report that the speed and vigor of our gestures reveal what we truly care about. In typical choices, people move faster toward bigger rewards; movement vigor usually tracks subjective value. But life’s deals aren’t all about personal gain—notions of fairness and punishment often enter play. Can the way we physically reach for a choice uncover these hidden social motives?
An international research team has achieved an important milestone for astrophysics at GSI/FAIR in Darmstadt: In the CRYRING@ESR storage ring, scientists were able to measure nuclear reactions at extremely low energies for the first time, mirroring the conditions inside stars. This novel experimental approach lays the foundation for decoding the formation of elements in the universe with even greater precision in the future.
In the extreme environments of stars, nuclear processes often occur at very low energies. These so-called “sub-MeV energies” (below 1 megaelectron volt) are difficult to replicate in the laboratory because the probability of atomic nuclei interacting at such low speeds is exceptionally small.
In the FAIR storage ring CRYRING@ESR, researchers were able to lower the energy available for the nuclear reaction in the center-of-mass frame of the two particles down to 403 kiloelectron volts. This marks a new record: It is the lowest energy at which a nuclear reaction has ever been measured in a heavy-ion storage ring. The new findings were recently published in the journal European Physical Journal A.
The age old myth of postmortem production!
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You are used to thinking of time as a straight line: past behind you, present under your feet, and future stretching endlessly ahead. Clocks tick, calendars flip, and your life seems to march forward in one clean direction. But when you start looking closely at what physics and philosophy actually say about time, that simple picture starts to wobble in surprising and sometimes unsettling ways.
Once you let go of the idea that time must be linear, a whole new universe of possibilities opens up. You begin to wonder whether the past is really gone, whether the future might already exist, and whether your sense of “now” is just a useful illusion. In this article, you’ll explore some of the strangest, most well-supported ideas about time from modern science, and you’ll see how they quietly challenge your everyday experience without requiring you to believe in magic.
If you pause and ask yourself what “now” actually is, you probably feel like the answer is obvious: it’s the present moment you’re living in. But when you compare your “now” with someone else’s “now” far away, the certainty starts to crack. Relativity theory tells you that what counts as “simultaneous” events depends on how you’re moving, so two observers in different states of motion won’t agree on what is happening at the same time.
Spintronic devices enable data processing with significantly lower energy consumption. They are based on the interaction between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic layers. Now, a team from Freie Universität Berlin, HZB and Uppsala University has succeeded in tracking—separately for each layer—how the magnetic order changes after a short laser pulse has excited the system. The researchers were also able to identify the main cause of the loss of antiferromagnetic order in the oxide layer: The excitation is transported from the hot electrons in the ferromagnetic metal to the spins in the antiferromagnet. The findings are published in the journal Physical Review Letters.
While conventional microelectronics involves the movement of electric charges, spintronics is based on electron spins. Manipulating spins requires less energy than transporting charged particles. Consequently, spintronic components offer the potential for significant energy savings and high processing speeds.
However, future applications will require clock speeds in the terahertz range, which are not yet achievable today. The clock speeds of current spin-based applications are up to a hundred times lower. In order to advance spintronics, a large team at the Transregio Collaborative Research Center CRC/TRR 227 is investigating spin dynamics in solids at atomic resolution and on ultrafast timescales.
Light doesn’t just help plants grow, it also strengthens their internal structure by tightening the connection between tissues. This added rigidity can actually slow growth, revealing a hidden balance between strength and expansion.
Light is widely recognized as a key factor in plant growth, but scientists are still uncovering the details of how it works. Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University have now identified a previously unknown process that helps explain how light influences plant development.
Light increases adhesion between plant tissues.
