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Category: neuroscience

C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat RNA drives transcriptional dysregulation through genome-wide DNA: RNA hybrid G-quadruplexes

Transcriptional dysregulation hexanucleotide repeats in ALS

Repeat hexanucleotide RNAs in C9orf72 are implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia disease pathogenesis but the mechanisms of action remain incompletely understood.

The researchers demonstrate that expanded C9orf72 G4C2 repeat RNAs bind gene promoters across the genome and form DNA: RNA hybrid G-quadruplexes (HQs) structures with DNA.

These structures obstruct RNA polymerase II and transcription factors, repress gene expression, and heighten neuronal vulnerability, providing mechanistic insights into neurodegeneration in ALS and FTD. sciencenewshighlights ScienceMission https://sciencemission.com/hexanucleotide-repeat

Liu et al. demonstrate that expanded C9orf72 G4C2 repeat RNAs bind gene promoters across the genome and form HQ structures with DNA. These structures obstruct key transcription machinery, repress gene expression, and heighten neuronal vulnerability, providing mechanistic insights into neurodegeneration in ALS and FTD.

PCIF1-mediated m6Am modification in ACC neurons participates in inflammatory pain and anxiety

Liu et al. demonstrate that the m6Am methyltransferase PCIF1 in ACC neurons is crucial for both the initiation and maintenance of inflammatory pain and comorbid anxiety. They further reveal that PCIF1 modulates these behaviors by targeting Gap43 m6Am modification, thereby promoting GAP43 expression.

Adenosine signaling driven by the gut microbiota underlies chronic alcohol-induced anesthetic resistance

Wang et al. demonstrate that long-term alcohol consumption diminishes anesthetic sensitivity via a gut-microbiome-brain pathway. Their findings indicate that alcohol-induced dysbiosis elevates the metabolite adenosine, which subsequently downregulates brain GABAA receptors, thereby compromising anesthetic effectiveness.

Brain scans reveal link between thinner brain cortex regions and higher psychopathic traits

A team of researchers from Spain was curious to know if people with high psychopathic traits have anomalies in the brain’s physical structures, which make them incapable of feeling regret or capable of manipulation and other antisocial behavior. They conducted an experiment in which they interviewed men convicted of intimate partner violence (IPV) and a control group with no history of violence to measure their psychopathic traits, followed by brain scans.

The results showed that men with thinner cortex in certain brain regions—particularly fronto-temporo-parietal areas —tended to display higher antisocial tendencies, regardless of their history of violence.

Fronto-temporo-parietal cortex regions refer to parts of the brain’s outer layer, which houses gray matter and supports functions such as sensory processing, motor control, and higher cognitive activities. The findings further reinforce a broader idea in neuroscience that regions in these brain regions play a major role in shaping behaviors such as callousness, a lack of empathy, and manipulative tendencies.

CSF Proteomic Profiles Associated With White Matter Integrity in Cognitively Normal Older Adults With and Without Amyloid Pathology

Background and ObjectivesIncreasing evidence indicates a potential role of white matter (WM) damage in the onset and progression of Alzheimer disease (AD). However, the biological processes underlying in vivo WM imaging biomarkers remain unclear. We…

These Physicists Say They Found The Origin Of Reality

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One of the most perplexing questions in the foundations of physics is how our shared sense of reality emerges out of quantum mechanics. This is because in quantum mechanics, it seems, different observers can arrive at different conclusions about what is real and what not. A group of physicists now used an approach called “Quantum Darwinism” to solve this tricky problem. At least they say they solved it. I am not so sure. Let’s have a look.

Paper: https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract… mugs, posters and more: ➜ https://sabines-store.dashery.com/ 💌 Support me on Donorbox ➜ https://donorbox.org/swtg 👉 Transcript with links to references on Patreon ➜ / sabine 📝 Transcripts and written news on Substack ➜ https://sciencewtg.substack.com/ 📩 Free weekly science newsletter ➜ https://sabinehossenfelder.com/newsle… 👂 Audio only podcast ➜ https://open.spotify.com/show/0MkNfXl… 🔗 Join this channel to get access to perks ➜ / @sabinehossenfelder 📚 Buy my book ➜ https://amzn.to/3HSAWJW #science #sciencenews #quantum #physics This video discusses the concept of “reality” in quantum physics, touching on how different observers can reach different conclusions. It features a presentation of a scientific paper on the “Metrological approach to the emergence of classical objectivity,” suggesting a potential solution to a long-standing problem in quantum mechanics. We explore how the “observer effect” and individual “consciousness” play a crucial role in shaping our understanding of “reality does not exist” within the realm of “quantum physics explained.” This deep dive connects the fundamental principles of “quantum mechanics” with profound questions in “philosophy.”

👕T-shirts, mugs, posters and more: ➜ https://sabines-store.dashery.com/
💌 Support me on Donorbox ➜ https://donorbox.org/swtg.
👉 Transcript with links to references on Patreon ➜ / sabine.
📝 Transcripts and written news on Substack ➜ https://sciencewtg.substack.com/
📩 Free weekly science newsletter ➜ https://sabinehossenfelder.com/newsle…
👂 Audio only podcast ➜ https://open.spotify.com/show/0MkNfXl…
🔗 Join this channel to get access to perks ➜
/ @sabinehossenfelder.
📚 Buy my book ➜ https://amzn.to/3HSAWJW

#science #sciencenews #quantum #physics.

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Researcher behind major Alzheimer’s breakthrough: this is my most important advice if you would like to avoid the incurable brain disease

In a lab at Aarhus University in Denmark, researchers have made a discovery that could rewrite textbooks on the severe and fatal Alzheimer’s brain disease. And the discovery once again emphasises that you can do a lot to lower your personal risk significantly.

Beyond the bleed: complications after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Pathophysiology, clinical implications, and management strategies: a review

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a critical condition with high case-fatality and lasting impacts on survivors. Acute events that are the direct result of aneurysm rupture, such as acute ischemia, elevated intracranial pressure, cerebral edema, seizures, and hydrocephalus, lead to early brain injury. A delayed cascade of processes, including a prominent systemic inflammatory response, may lead to secondary brain injury and delayed cerebral ischemia, which often further impairs recovery. Systemic complications, including cardiac and pulmonary dysfunction, fever, and electrolyte imbalances, arise in the interplay between early and secondary brain injury and challenge the clinical course.

Autism’s Link to Parkinson’s Risk May Finally Be Explained

People with autism may be up to six times more likely to develop Parkinson’s disease in later life. New research offers a potential explanation based on the role of transporter molecules that recycle unused dopamine in the brain.

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter crucial for managing movement and executive functions, and for reinforcing behavior. It’s well known that Parkinson’s is characterized by a drop in dopamine levels, while disruptions in the transport of the chemical have also been linked to autism.

With that context, researchers led by a team from the University of Missouri in the US took a novel approach using a technology known as a DaT SPECT scan, which is typically used to diagnose Parkinson’s in much older people.

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