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Category: computing

Science beyond the physical

For centuries, we’ve assumed that science has banished the transcendent and established that reality is entirely physical. But critics argue there are signs that a rigorous materialism might be holding science back. Increasingly, “emergence” is used to account for everything from consciousness to spacetime – a convenient placeholder for what materialist science may be unable to explain. Physicists like Heisenberg and Hawking concluded that science gives us models of reality, rather than final descriptions of its true nature, while there are scientists working in everything from biology to computer science who suggest that dualism is a productive metaphysical framework for their research. Materialism may have enabled science to reach beyond the dogmas of religion, but there are now those who are restlessly probing the limits of materialism itself.

Optical meta‑conveyors enable programmable nanomanipulation along arbitrary open paths

The task of gently transporting a microscopic particle from one point to another along a winding path, and then bringing it back using nothing more than a single, compact chip is a challenge we set out to address in our new study, now published in Nature Communications.

Optical forces arising from momentum exchange during light–matter interactions have become indispensable tools in biophysics, soft matter science and micro-and nanofabrication. Among these, optical conveyors—capable of generating stable, directional optical flows—enable nanoparticle transport along predefined trajectories, offering unique advantages for drug delivery, cell sorting, and lab-on-a-chip systems. However, conventional platforms often rely on spatial light modulators to produce dynamic holograms. Such systems are bulky, constrained by limited pixel size and count, and difficult to integrate—factors that severely impede practical deployment.

Metasurfaces have recently opened new pathways for miniaturizing optical manipulation devices, thanks to their subwavelength field-shaping capabilities. Yet, most existing metasurface-based schemes still depend on radially or azimuthally uniform phase gradients, which confine the resulting optical flow to closed loops (vortex rings) due to the intrinsic geometry of vortex fields.

Scientists Build a Living Computing Device Using Real Brain Cells

Princeton researchers have built a 3D device that combines living brain cells with advanced electronics in one system.

The device uses computational methods to recognize electrical patterns and may help researchers study brain function, neurological disease, and low-power computing.

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Ultra-thin membrane enables high-efficiency hydrogen fuel cells for transport and industry

Engineers have developed a new ultra-thin membrane that allows fuel cells to operate more efficiently at high temperatures by enabling proton transport without water, overcoming a key limitation in clean energy technologies.

The breakthrough, reported in Science Advances, could expand the use of fuel cells in transport, heavy industry, and future clean energy systems.

Fuel cells convert chemical energy directly into electricity, producing water and heat as the main by-products. They are already used in hydrogen-powered vehicles, backup power systems for hospitals and data centers, and space missions where lightweight, reliable energy is essential.

Decoding intended speech with an intracortical brain-computer interface in a person with long-standing anarthria and locked-in syndrome

This study aimed to explore the alleviating effects of fisetin, a polyphenolic flavonoid, on ovarian dysfunction in a D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging mouse model, as well as the underlying mechanisms, using both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Mice were subcutaneously injected with D-gal (100 mg/kg/day) for 60 days to establish the ovarian aging model; during the final 30 days, fisetin (10, 20, 30 mg/kg/day) was given orally. In addition, a senescent model of granulosa cell (GC) was established using D-gal and treated with fisetin. Fisetin supplementation improved ovarian endocrine function and reproductive capacity in aging mice, as reflected by regularized estrous cycles, elevated estradiol levels, and increased embryo numbers. Furthermore, fisetin reduced the number of atretic follicles and the extent of ovarian fibrosis and senescence, while simultaneously restoring the proliferation-apoptosis balance in follicular GCs, as well as alleviating oxidative stress. RNA-sequencing revealed that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and mitophagy were involved in the protective effects of fisetin against ovarian aging. Consistently, fisetin treatment promoted mitophagy, accompanied by AMPK/mTOR activation in ovarian tissues and GCs following D-gal exposure. Inhibition of AMPK attenuated the effect of fisetin on mitophagy. Additionally, blockage of mitophagy also reversed the beneficial effects of fisetin on mitochondrial injury, oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest, and cellular senescence in D-gal-induced senescent GCs. These findings indicate that fisetin prevents ovarian aging by suppressing follicular GC oxidative damage and ameliorating cell cycle arrest via activation of AMPK/mTOR-mediated mitophagy, thereby preserving female fertility.

Quobly Toolbox Explores Quantum Phase Estimation Pipeline With Tensor Networks

An international collaboration between a French quantum startup and a major Taiwanese electronics manufacturer has yielded a new open-source tool for exploring a critical area of quantum computing. Quobly and Taiwan’s Hon Hai Research Institute, the R&D arm of Foxconn, jointly released a numerical toolbox dedicated to the Quantum Phase Estimation (QPE) algorithm, described as a cornerstone of fault-tolerant quantum computing with major applications in quantum chemistry and materials science. While QPE’s theoretical benefits are understood, simulating its practical resource needs has proven difficult; the toolbox aims to bridge this gap by allowing researchers to explore implementations and their implications. The tool focuses on practical, interpretable numerical experiments, enabling full circuit executions for up to 20 qubits and circuits ranging from 1,000 to 100,000 gates on standard laptops.

Quantum Phase Estimation Toolbox for Molecular Systems

While the theoretical underpinnings of QPE are well established, simulating its practical demands has proven a significant hurdle, limiting exploration beyond simplified models. The toolbox addresses this gap by offering a platform for practical, interpretable numerical experiments, allowing scientists to investigate QPE implementations without requiring access to full-scale quantum hardware, which is currently unavailable. Built upon advanced tensor network techniques and the open-source quimb library, the toolbox facilitates the preparation of initial states using DMRG and matrix product states, and allows encoding of molecular Hamiltonians into quantum circuits through methods like trotterization and qubitization. Researchers can directly compare standard QPE with the single-ancilla Robust Phase Estimation (RPE) method, analyzing circuit depth, gate counts, and potential error sources.

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