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Category: physics

Astronomers discover Andromeda XXXVI, an ultra-faint dwarf satellite galaxy

By analyzing the data from the Pan-Andromeda Archaeological Survey (PandAS), European astronomers have discovered a new satellite of the Andromeda galaxy. The newfound object, which received the designation Andromeda XXXVI, appears to be an ultra-faint dwarf galaxy. The finding is reported in a paper published March 30 on the arXiv preprint server.

The so-called ultra-faint dwarf galaxies (UFDs) are the least luminous, most dark matter-dominated, and least chemically evolved galaxies known. Therefore, they are perceived by astronomers as the best candidate fossils from the universe at its early stages.

Now, a team of astronomers, led by Joanna D. Sakowska of the Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia in Spain, reports the finding of a new UFD. Andromeda XXXVI was first spotted and classified as a candidate UFD by amateur astronomer Giuseppe Donatiello during a systematic, visual inspection search of public images from the full PAndAS footprint. Sakowska and her colleagues recently performed follow-up deep imaging of Andromeda XXXVI with the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory, which confirmed the UFD nature of this galaxy.

New AI video tool removes objects without breaking the laws of physics

When movie and TV directors want to tinker with their footage in post-production, they have an array of tools at their disposal to perfect a scene if it wasn’t shot exactly how they liked. That includes removing objects like stray equipment or unwanted background actors. But the tech has its limits when it comes to more complex physical interactions.

For example, if you want to remove an object that was bumping into or supporting something else, traditional tools often leave the remaining objects behaving in ways that defy the laws of physics, like a character hovering mid-air if the chair they were sitting on is deleted.

Physicists trace the sun’s magnetic engine, 200,000 kilometers below its surface

Every eleven years, the sun’s magnetic field flips. Sunspots—dark, cooler regions on the sun’s surface that mark intense magnetic activity and often trigger solar eruptions—appear at mid-latitudes and migrate toward the star’s equator in a butterfly-shape pattern before fading as the cycle resets. While this spectacle on the star’s surface has long been visible to astronomers, where this powerful cycle begins inside the star has remained hidden until now.

Researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) have analyzed nearly three decades of solar oscillation data to trace the sun’s interior dynamics, and have now pointed to the likely location of the star’s magnetic engine deep beneath its surface: roughly 200,000 kilometers down, about the length of stacking 16 Earths end to end.

The findings, published in Scientific Reports, provide one of the clearest observational windows yet into the sun’s magnetic engine—the solar dynamo—shedding light on hidden forces shaping space weather patterns linked to the solar cycle, not only on Earth’s nearest star, but potentially on other stars across the galaxy.

Physicists Found Something That Can Move Faster Than Light: The Darkness Inside It

For the first time, physicists have observed that ‘holes’ in light can move faster than the light itself.

They’re known as phase singularities or optical vortices, and since the 1970s, scientists have predicted that, just as eddies in a river can move faster than the flowing water around them, so too can whirlpools in a wave of light outrun the light they’re embedded within.

This does not break relativity, which states that nothing can travel faster than the speed of light. That’s because the vortices carry no mass, energy, or information, and their motion is based on the evolving geometry of the wave pattern rather than any physical motion through space.

Some black holes are ‘forbidden,’ ripples in spacetime reveal

How do you prove that in the unimaginably vast universe, certain objects don’t exist?

That’s a question that has plagued scientists studying gravitational waves—ripples in spacetime set off when two massive objects such as black holes swirl together and merge.

For decades, theorists have thought that, ironically, stars in a certain very heavy mass range simply cannot collapse to form black holes.

But gravitational wave astronomers had spotted no evidence of such a “mass gap”—until now.

Analysis of gravitational waves supports theory that some stars explode without leaving behind black holes.

The Great Xeelee Secret

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We’ve covered the Xeelee Sequence multiple times on this channel. In short, The Xeelee Sequence is a series of science fiction novels and short stories by Stephen Baxter that deal with humanity as they exist in a universe dominated by the powerful and enigmatic race of Aliens known as the Xeelee. The Xeelee were more akin to gods than lifeforms.

When humankind first entered into cosmic society, we were oppressed and enslaved by multiple alien races before we found our footing. The aquatic Squeem, the amorphous Qax. We overcame them, I go in depth into this in my Timelike Infinity video and also in my Ultimate Timeline of the Xeelee Sequence video. Over many thousand of years humankind grew to dominate the milkyway, none stood stronger than us aside from the Xeelee.

When that time came, humankind was contained, our colonies throughout the milky way removed, men had no knowledge of the war that had been raging for billions of years. The Photino Birds were beings of Dark Matter, they were born at the beginning of the universe and since the beginning they have raged against the Xeelee for the soul of the cosmos. The Photino birds were creatures that existed in a sector of reality we could barely perceive. While ordinary matter formed stars, planets, and life, dark matter formed something else entirely. Vast structures. Vast ecologies. And within that hidden universe, the Photino Birds were dominant.

Their war with the Xeelee was not fought with fleets or soldiers. It was fought with the fundamental laws of physics.

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Scientists crack a 20-year nuclear mystery behind the creation of gold

Gold cannot form until certain unstable atomic nuclei break apart. Exactly how those nuclear transformations unfold has long been difficult to determine. Now, nuclear physicists at the University of Tennessee (UT) report three discoveries in a single study that clarify important parts of this process. Their findings could help researchers build improved models of the stellar events that create heavy elements and better predict the behavior of exotic atomic nuclei.

Heavy elements such as gold and platinum are forged under extraordinary conditions, including when stars collapse, explode, or collide. These events trigger the rapid neutron capture process (or r-process for short). During this process, an atomic nucleus absorbs neutrons in rapid succession. As the nucleus grows heavier and more unstable, it eventually breaks down into lighter and more stable forms.

Along this pathway across the nuclide chart, a common sequence involves beta decay of the parent nucleus followed by the release of two neutrons. The atomic nuclei involved in these reactions are extremely rare and unstable, making them difficult or even impossible to study directly in experiments. Because of this, scientists rely heavily on theoretical models, which must be tested and refined using laboratory data.

Ending the Sun’s Monopoly: The Future of Stellarator Fusion — Brian Berzin, CEO, Thea Energy

“with Brian Berzin — Co-Founder & CEO of Thea Energy.

What if we could build a fusion reactor that runs continuously—without the instability issues that have plagued the field for years?

Brian Berzin is the Co-Founder and CEO of Thea Energy (https://thea.energy/), a next-generation fusion company focused on advancing stellarator technology—one of the most promising but historically underexplored approaches to magnetic confinement fusion.

Brian brings a unique combination of deep technical and financial expertise, with a background spanning electrical engineering, venture capital, private equity, and investment banking.

Prior to founding Thea Energy, Brian served as Vice President of Strategy at General Fusion, where he helped shape commercialization strategy and led engagement with global capital markets during a pivotal period for privately funded fusion.

Continue reading “Ending the Sun’s Monopoly: The Future of Stellarator Fusion — Brian Berzin, CEO, Thea Energy” | >

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