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Cell therapy weekly: FDA exemptions and Breakthrough Therapy designations

This week: The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA; MD, USA) has granted a special exemption for an iPSC-derived cell therapy targeting Parkinson’s disease, along with Breakthrough Therapy designations for a CAR-T therapy for a pediatric brain tumor and a gene therapy for Huntington’s disease.

The FDA has granted XellSmart Biopharmaceutical (Suzhou, China) a special exemption to support a clinical trial of XS-411 Injection, the company’s allogeneic, off-the-shelf iPSC-derived dopaminergic neural progenitor cell therapy for Parkinson’s disease. This follows an Investigational New Drug submission in January 2025. In parallel, China’s National Medical Products Administration has approved XS-411 to enter Phase I clinical trials.

Additionally, the FDA has cleared XellSmart’s XS228, an allogeneic, off-the-shelf, clinical-grade iPSC-derived cell therapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), to begin Phase I trials, marking it as the first-in-class regenerative neural cell therapy for the disease.


The FDA has granted a special exemption for a cell therapy and Breakthrough Therapy designations for a CAR-T therapy and a gene therapy.

Tesla Autonomy Is AI’s Crowning Jewel; Diner Goes World Wide; Japan Trade Deal Announced

Questions to inspire discussion.

⚡ Q: What advantages does XAI’s proprietary cluster offer? A: XAI’s proprietary clusters, designed specifically for training, are uncatchable by competitors as they can’t be bought with money, creating an unbreachable moat in AI development.

Tesla’s Autonomy and Robotaxis.

🚗 Q: When is Tesla expected to launch unsupervised FSD? A: Tesla is expected to launch unsupervised FSD in the third quarter after polishing and testing, with version 14 potentially being unsupervised even if not allowed for public use.

🤖 Q: What is the significance of Tesla’s upcoming robotaxi launch? A: Tesla’s robotaxi launch is anticipated to be a historic moment, demonstrating that the complexity of autonomous driving technology has been overcome, allowing for leverage and scaling.

💰 Q: How might Tesla monetize its Autonomy feature? A: Tesla may charge monthly fees of $50-$100 for unsupervised use, including insurance, on top of personal insurance costs.

I Tried the World’s First Tesla Diner (11 Hour Wait)

Questions to inspire discussion.

🍳 Q: What can diners expect in terms of food quality? A: The diner emphasizes local sourcing, natural ingredients, and fresh in-house preparation, with a menu designed by Eric Greensman, a professional chef.

Unique Offerings.

🤖 Q: What unique attractions does the Tesla diner offer? A: The diner showcases a fully functional Optimus robot on display and offers Tesla merchandise for purchase.

🍗 Q: Are there any special menu items or services? A: The diner features a self-service club with fried chicken and waffles, a souvenir cup for purchase, and a Tesla burger on the menu.

Practical Amenities.

New reconfigurable memristor-based system enables in-memory data sorting

Organizing data in a specific order, also known as sorting, is a central computing operation performed by a wide range of systems. Conventional hardware systems rely on separate components to store and sort data, which limits their speed and energy efficiency.

Researchers at Peking University have recently developed a new reconfigurable sort-in-memory system that relies on memristors to in-situ sort stored data. Their proposed system, outlined in a paper published in Nature Electronics and led by Professor Yuchao Yang, was found to store and sort data both quickly and energy-efficiently.

“The original idea comes from the fact that although operations like matrix multiplication and convolution have been widely implemented in CIM (Computing-in-Memory) systems, sorting has long been regarded as a ‘hard nut to crack’ in computing-in-memory technology due to its unique computational characteristics,” Yaoyu Tao, corresponding author of the paper, told TechXplore.

Fusion Energy Start-up Claims to Have Cracked Alchemy

A fusion energy start-up claims to have solved the millennia-old challenge of how to turn other metals into gold.

Chrysopoeia, commonly known as alchemy, has been pursued by civilisations as far back as ancient Egypt. Now San Francisco-based Marathon Fusion, a start-up focused on using nuclear fusion to generate power, has said the same process could be used to produce gold from mercury.

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