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Hubble spotted a ‘dark galaxy’ that’s at least 99.9% dark matter

Using the Hubble Space Telescope in combination with other observatories, astronomers identified an unusually dim galaxy, known as candidate dark galaxy-2, that appears to be almost entirely dominated by dark matter.


Search through space telescope’s archival images reveals unusually dim galaxy.

Meloidogyne nematodes reprogram rhizosphere metabolism to suppress antagonistic microbiota and enable bacterial pathogen co-infection

Xu et al. reveal that co-infection of nematodes and pathogens is a global phenomenon. Root-knot nematodes reprogram rhizosphere metabolism, reducing defensive tomatidine while increasing sugars that reshape rhizosphere microbiome. These changes suppress antagonistic microbes and promote pathogen proliferation, which enhances nematode survival and gall formation, leading to complex co-infection dynamics.

‘Off the shelf’ immunotherapy could get a lift from gene-edited natural killer cells

Since scientists first discovered that human immune cells could be modified to become cancer-fighting agents, they’ve been trying to engineer a cell that’s effective against solid tumors, which account for the vast majority of cancer cases. In a key advance in meeting this “holy grail challenge” in the field of cancer cell therapy, a team of Yale scientists led by geneticist Sidi Chen has revealed how immune cells can be “boosted” to target and eradicate solid tumors.

The field of cell therapy began to revolutionize cancer treatment several decades ago, when researchers pioneered the use of therapeutic cells. In this process, immune cells are removed from a patient, modified so that they can better fight cancer, and then reintroduced into the patient’s body.

Two major streams of this therapy exist: CAR-NK cell therapy, which uses a patient’s natural killer (NK) cells, and CAR-T cell therapy, which uses a patient’s T cells. In both cases, scientists genetically modify the cells to express Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR), a synthetic receptor that helps immune cells recognize proteins on cancer cells.

Fermi Paradox: Why Haven’t Aliens Colonized Earth?

A exploration of the question of with Earth being 4.6 billion years old, then why wasn’t earth colonized by an alien civilization?

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