High-altitude survival gene in mammals may help reverse nerve damage from conditions like multiple sclerosis.
Neuron.
Li et al. report that a gain-of-function Retsat variant, associated with high-altitude adaptation, promotes myelination by boosting neuronal synthesis of the signaling metabolite ATDRA. This molecule activates RXR-γ in oligodendrocyte progenitors. Administration of the prodrug ATDR promotes remyelination in models of myelin disease.
Audra M. Rogers, Martin J. Egan et al. @UArkansas demonstrate that heat stress triggers nucleolar remodeling in filamentous fungi, enabling segregation of damaged material and selective inheritance of a new nucleolar compartment. This reveals a chaperone-mediated quality control mechanism that preserves nuclear function in highly polarized, multinucleate cells.
Model for nucleolar remodeling, partitioning, and quality control following heat shock. Schematic illustration of nucleolar remodeling in M. oryzae during recovery from heat stress. Heat shock damages the existing nucleolus. (2–3) A new nucleolar bud emerges from the old (preexisting) nucleolus and expands through de novo synthesis. Partial nuclear envelope breakdown permits entry of the molecular chaperones such as Hsp104 and Hsp70. The old nucleolar compartment accumulates SUMO-modified material and selectively recruits Hsp70 and Hsp104, mediating the partitioning of old and new nucleolar material. The newly formed nucleolus disassembles at mitotic onset and is preferentially inherited by daughter nuclei, while the old nucleolus is extruded and diminishes.
Figure 5.
MIT neuroscientists have figured out how the brain is able to focus on a single voice among a cacophony of many voices, shedding light on a longstanding neuroscientific phenomenon known as the “cocktail party problem.”
This attentional focus becomes necessary when you’re in any crowded environment, such as a cocktail party, with many conversations going on at once. Somehow, your brain is able to follow the voice of the person you’re talking to, despite all the other voices that you’re hearing in the background.
Using a computational model of the auditory system, the MIT team found that amplifying the activity of the neural processing units that respond to features of a target voice, such as its pitch, allows that voice to be boosted to the forefront of attention.
Stress resilience isn’t a flatline. It’s a flex, according to new research from Florida International University. Marcelo Bigliassi, assistant professor of psychophysiology, and Ph.D. student Dayanne Antonio thrive in creating stressful environments.
They set out to explore how the brain’s internal wiring and a person’s subjective experience of stress interact to determine how they respond to stressful situations. The findings were published in the Journal of Applied Physiology.
Study participants plunged one hand into a bucket of ice-cold water. Frigidly cold water. As the seconds ticked by, the body’s stress systems revved up, and their skin began to sweat.
Human spinal cord enhancer dynamics and cellular architecture.
The researchers present an innovative framework redefining human spinal cord cellular diversity through epigenetic configuration and spatial organization.
They identify unseen enhancer classes that define both stable cell-type identity and transitions between cells undergoing differentiation.
The authors also identify gene regulatory networks in glial cells that reorganize along the rostrocaudal axis, demonstrating anatomical differences in gene regulation.
The researchers demonstrate spatial organization of cells into distinct cellular networks and address the functional significance of this observation in the context of paracrine signaling. sciencenewshighlights ScienceMission https://sciencemission.com/Enhancer-dynamics
Kandror et al. present an innovative framework redefining human spinal cord cellular diversity through epigenetic configuration and spatial organization. They identify unseen enhancer classes, show cell-type-specific reconfiguration of gene regulatory networks along the rostrocaudal axis, and uncover cellular networks mediated by discrete paracrine signaling, challenging conventional definitions of cellular state.
Rongze Olivia Lu & colleagues provide a Commentary on Xinchun Zhang et al.: https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI195556
Address correspondence to: Rongze Olivia Lu, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, 1,450 3rd St., Helen Diller Cancer Building, San Francisco, California 94,158, USA. Email: rongze.lu@ucsf.edu.
New HCM research: radionuclide-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) imaging detects cardiac fibroblast activation before CMR-identified myocardial remodeling. Early detection may offer new insights into HCM.
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The errors that quantum computers make are holding the technology back. But recent progress in quantum error correction has excited many researchers.