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Category: quantum physics – Page 15

Quantum entanglement provides a new framework for understanding chemical bonding

Chemical bonding is one of the central organizing principles of the microscopic world. It determines how atoms combine and thereby governs a wide range of physical and chemical properties of quantum systems across many length scales, ranging from small molecules and biomolecules to macroscopically large solid materials.

Yet, despite its fundamental importance and its prominent role already in high school science education, chemical bonds remain surprisingly elusive from the perspective of quantum mechanics. They are indispensable for describing matter, even though they are not directly observable quantities.

In a recent article published in Nature Communications, the group led by LMU physicist Christian Schilling and member of the MCQST Cluster of Excellence, addresses this long-standing challenge using concepts from quantum information theory.

The generation of massive Schrödinger cat states using ultracold atoms

Quantum mechanics is a physics framework that describes how matter and energy behave at an extremely small scale, specifically at the scale of atoms and subatomic particles. An effect predicted by the laws of quantum mechanics is superposition, which entails that particles can exist in multiple states or positions simultaneously, which remain indefinite until they are measured or observed.

A well-known example of a quantum state in which a system behaves as if it is in two contrasting states at once is the so-called Schrödinger cat state. This state is rooted in a paradox introduced by physicist Erwin Schrödinger, who proposed that if a cat is placed inside a sealed box with a device that has a 50% chance of killing it, the cat is simultaneously alive and dead until someone opens the box and looks inside it.

Researchers at Southern University of Science and Technology and the Quantum Science Center of Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area recently demonstrated the experimental generation of massive Schrödinger cat states using ultracold atoms—atoms cooled down to temperatures near to absolute zero.

Electrical ‘knob’ can switch light on, off and tune intensity at the nanoscale

Physicists from Emory University have led work to develop a microscopic, nonlinear light source that can be switched on, off or tuned to a particular intensity by an electrical “knob.” The paper is published in the journal Optica, and could aid in the design of smaller, more flexible technologies for communications, sensing and quantum computing.

The new method focuses on a type of nonlinear optics known as second harmonic generation (SHG), where two photons of the same frequency interact with a material and combine into a single photon with twice the frequency.

“Nobody had previously shown that you can tune second harmonic generation with an electric knob in such a small device,” says Hayk Harutyunyan, senior author of the paper and Emory professor of physics.

Time Itself Seems to Have a Limit of Precision Due to a Quantum Physics Model

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Hello and welcome! My name is Anton and in this video, we will talk about a proposition that time precision has a major limit.
Links:
https://journals.aps.org/prresearch/p…
Other videos: • Atomic Clock Breakthrough Could Lead To Qu…
• Most Accurate Time Keeping Device in the W…
#quantumphysics #time #science.

0:00 Limits of time measurement.
0:45 Quantum mechanics and why some things happen certain ways.
2:38 Spontaneous collapse model explained.
5:00 Gravity doesn’t like quantum stuff.
7:10 New study — effects on time measurement.
8:50 How accurate then?
10:25 Implications.
11:30 Can this be proven?
12:30 Conclusions.

Enjoy and please subscribe.

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Light-Matter Particles Could Change AI Forever

Artificial intelligence is advancing rapidly, but today’s computers are reaching their physical and energy limits. Now, scientists are exploring a revolutionary solution: light-matter particles known as polaritons. These exotic hybrid particles combine the properties of light and matter, allowing information to move at incredible speeds while consuming far less energy than traditional electronic chips.

In this video, we explore how light-based computing could transform the future of AI, why researchers believe polariton technology may outperform conventional processors, and what this breakthrough could mean for machine learning, robotics, quantum technologies, and the future of computing itself.

Could this be the next major leap beyond silicon chips? And are we entering an era where AI operates at near light speed?

Watch to discover the science behind one of the most exciting technological breakthroughs of the decade.

#AI, #ArtificialIntelligence, #QuantumComputing, #FutureTechnology, #Physics, #MachineLearning, #Science, #Technology, #Innovation, #NeuralNetworks, #DeepLearning, #QuantumPhysics, #TechNews, #Computing, #LightMatterParticles

Quantum tunnelling

In physics, quantum tunnel ling, barrier penetration, or simply tunnel ling is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which an object such as an electron or atom passes through a potential energy barrier that, according to classical mechanics, should not be passable due to the object not having sufficient energy to pass or surmount the barrier.

Tunnelling is a consequence of the wave nature of matter and quantum indeterminacy. The quantum wave function describes the states of a particle or other physical system and wave equations such as the Schrödinger equation describe their evolution. In a system with a short, narrow potential barrier, a small part of wavefunction can appear outside of the barrier representing a probability for tunnel ling through the barrier.

Since the probability of transmission of a wave packet through a barrier decreases exponentially with the barrier height, the barrier width, and the tunnel ling particle’s mass, tunnel ling is seen most prominently in low-mass particles such as electrons tunnel ling through atomically narrow barriers. However tunnel ling has been observed with protons and even atoms and tunnel ling has been used to explain physical effects with particles this large.

Quantum teleportation carries microwave states at temperatures up to 4 K, beating classical limit

A growing number of quantum engineers worldwide have been trying to realize large-scale quantum networks, which consist of several connected quantum computers or devices that share information with each other. The successful realization of these networks could potentially pave the way for the realization of new high-speed and secure communication systems, or even of a quantum version of the internet.

A key challenge when trying to realize large-scale quantum networks is ensuring that the quantum properties of microwave signals can be reliably transferred from one location to another. These signals are highly sensitive to random energy fluctuations associated with heat. Thus, systems introduced so far typically operate inside cooling machines known as dilution refrigerators.

Researchers at Walther-Meißner-Institute (WMI) and Technical University of Munich have introduced a new approach to successfully transfer quantum microwave states between two separate dilution refrigerators connected by a warmer superconducting cable, with temperatures of up to 4K.

Researchers push back fundamental limit on energy transfer between particles without ‘spilling’ radiation

Researchers at TU/e have demonstrated that energy transfer without loss via light or heat can occur over much greater distances than previously thought possible thanks to vibrations in microscopic gold rods. They succeeded in making energy jump from one particle to another over a distance of several millimeters without “spilling” energy along the way.

In the microscopic world in which this research takes place, that is a giant leap, with promising applications in quantum communication, solar energy, and ultrasensitive medical sensors. The researchers have published their findings in the journal Science Advances.

Normally, a molecule that absorbs energy loses it again as heat through vibrations passed on to the surrounding environment or as a particle of light (known as a photon). In Förster resonance energy transfer (or FRET for short, which is named after the German physicist Theodor Förster), something different happens: the energy jumps directly, without radiation, from one molecule to a specific neighboring molecule through an invisible interaction between their electric fields.

Perfect randomness realized for the first time

Creating perfect randomness is surprisingly difficult. Even modern random number generators never generate completely ideal random numbers: small systematic errors can result in some numbers appearing slightly more frequently than others. For many applications, this does not matter. In cryptography, however, even the tiniest deviations can be problematic.

Now, researchers at ETH Zurich led by Renato Renner and Andreas Wallraff in the Department of Physics have demonstrated how perfect randomness can actually be created using quantum physics. Their results, which have just been published in Nature, represent a milestone in this area of research.

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