Gu et al. present NEAT, a nanoengineered extrusion-aligned tract bioprinting strategy that fabricates aligned, human neural stem cell-laden collagen hydrogel constructs through shear-induced fibrillar organization. In a rat model of complete spinal cord transection, NEAT enables axonal reconnection and functional locomotor recovery, demonstrating its translational potential for spinal cord repair and neural tissue engineering.
Chronic sleep disruption doesn’t just leave people tired and irritable. It may quietly undermine the gut’s ability to repair itself, increasing vulnerability to serious digestive diseases. A new study from the University of California, Irvine, the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences and the China Agricultural University reveals, step by step, how disturbed sleep causes the brain to send harmful signals to the intestines, ultimately damaging the stem cells responsible for maintaining a healthy gut lining.
The research uncovers a previously unknown biological chain reaction linking the brain’s sleep center to intestinal health. The findings are published in Cell Stem Cell and offer new insight into why people with chronic sleep problems are more likely to develop gastrointestinal disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes-related gut complications and chronic inflammation.
Physicians have long known that irregular or insufficient sleep is associated with a wide range of health problems, from mood disorders to high blood pressure. Yet how changes in sleep can directly harm organs that do not sleep themselves, such as the intestines, has remained largely elusive. This study answers that question by tracing the damage from its neurological origins all the way to the gut’s regenerative machinery.
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Hello and welcome! My name is Anton and in this video, we will talk about a few studies that explain how the human brain developed complexity.
Links:
https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0092867423009170
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade5645
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.01.592020v5.full.pdf.
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abm1696
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-022-01925-6
https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/mgen/10…01322#tab2
Other videos:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qyMbXCzcS0k.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e10yOoP-x3g.
#brain #biology #evolution.
0:00 Discoveries about the evolution of the brain.
1:20 800 Million years ago… how it all began.
3:10 Did nervous system evolve multiple times? Comb jellies.
4:45 Big brains — primates vs octopuses.
9:20 Human brains and human intelligence genes.
11:20 Gut microbes and fuel for the brain.
12:20 Conclusions and implications.
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Despite decades of research, the mechanisms behind fast flashes of insight that change how a person perceives their world, termed “one-shot learning,” have remained unknown. A mysterious type of one-shot learning is perceptual learning, in which seeing something once dramatically alters our ability to recognize it again.
Mass General Brigham investigators have developed a robust new artificial intelligence (AI) foundation model that is capable of analyzing brain MRI datasets to perform numerous medical tasks, including identifying brain age, predicting dementia risk, detecting brain tumor mutations and predicting brain cancer survival. The tool, known as BrainIAC, outperformed other, more task-specific AI models and was especially efficient when limited training data were available.
Results are published in Nature Neuroscience.
“BrainIAC has the potential to accelerate biomarker discovery, enhance diagnostic tools and speed the adoption of AI in clinical practice,” said corresponding author Benjamin Kann, MD, of the Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program at Mass General Brigham. “Integrating BrainIAC into imaging protocols could help clinicians better personalize and improve patient care.”
For decades, researchers have attempted to pinpoint the specific areas of the brain responsible for human intelligence. A new analysis suggests that general intelligence involves the coordination of the entire brain rather than the superior function of any single region. By mapping the connections within the human brain, or connectome, scientists found that distinct patterns of global communication predict cognitive ability.
The research indicates that intelligent thought relies on a system-wide architecture optimized for efficiency and flexibility. These findings were published in the journal Nature Communications.
General intelligence represents the capacity to reason, learn, and solve problems across a variety of different contexts. In the past, theories often attributed this capacity to specific networks, such as the areas in the frontal and parietal lobes involved in attention and working memory. While these regions are involved in cognitive tasks, newer perspectives suggest they are part of a larger story.
Ciaran O’Hare scribbles symbols using colored markers across his whiteboard like he’s trying to solve a crime—or perhaps planning one. He bounces around the edges of the board, slowly filling it with sharp angles and curling letters. I watch on, and when he senses I’m losing track, he pauses intermittently, allowing my brain to catch up. Ciaran speaks with an easy to understand British inflection, but the language on the whiteboard might as well be hieroglyphics.
Ciaran’s whiteboard doesn’t lay out a crime, but a mystery in the language of physics. In plain language, the mystery goes like this: everything we can see—with our eyes or elaborate telescopes—makes up only around 5% of the matter in our universe. There’s an invisible something out there that seems to bind the fabric of spacetime together. We don’t know what it is, but we know it’s there because of the force it exerts on the things we can see such as gigantic galaxies. The “something” is a phantom presence that touches our reality.
Scientists call it dark matter.