Ex-ASML workers reverse engineered advanced machines for the country.
Category: futurism – Page 11
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Extreme ultraviolet lithography
(EUVL, also known simply as EUV) is a technology used in the semiconductor industry for manufacturing integrated circuits (ICs). It is a type of photolithography that uses 13.5 nm extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light from a laser-pulsed tin (Sn) plasma to create intricate patterns on semiconductor substrates.
Comparison of Diagnostic Parameters Using Cardiac CT–derived Aortic Valve Area and Aortic Valve Calcium Scores for Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis
Comparing performance of cardiac CT–derived hybrid aortic valve area and planimetry, in combination with aortic valve calciumor AVC density, for assessing low-gradient aortic stenosis.
To compare the performance of cardiac CT–derived hybrid aortic valve area (AVA) and planimetry, in combination with aortic valve calcium (AVC) or AVC density (AVCd), for assessing low-gradient aortic stenosis (LGAS).
‘Ouzo effect’ reveals how oil droplets can resist flow and form stable patterns in liquids
Whether it’s Greek ouzo, French pastis or Turkish raki, when these spirits are diluted with water, the mixture becomes cloudy. The reason for this is that the aniseed oils contained in the spirit dissolve well in alcohol but not in water. The clear ouzo from the bottle has a high alcohol content at which the oil is fully soluble.
However, when water is added, the aniseed oils can no longer dissolve completely in the significantly reduced alcohol content. As a result, small droplets disperse finely in the drink, creating a milky appearance. Researchers at TU Darmstadt have now used this so-called ouzo effect to create oil droplets for a laboratory experiment. This led to a new discovery: such a droplet can resist a fluid flow and remain in place or even move upstream.
Active thermal metasurfaces amplify heat signatures by a factor of nine
Light undergoes a unique phenomenon called superscattering, an optical illusion where a very small object scatters far more light than expected. This happens when multiple scattering modes overlap and interact, allowing tiny objects to scatter far more light than their size should allow.
Scientists have now found a way to expand the scope of superscattering beyond optics into the thermal world.
A team of researchers from Taiyuan University of Technology, China, has experimentally demonstrated thermal superscattering by surrounding an object with an active shell comprising arrays of controllable heating and cooling elements along its boundary. This shell allowed the tiny object to fake the thermal signatures of an object nine times larger than itself.
One and done is not enough: Study challenges traditional evolutionary research
Every living being must cope with a changing world—summer gives way to winter, one year it floods and the next is a drought. It’s obvious that populations of plants and animals must constantly face new challenges, says University of Vermont scientist Csenge Petak. But what’s not obvious is how these changes in the environment affect evolution.
“Do populations benefit from lots of environmental fluctuations, making new generations more prepared to face future changes,” she wondered, “or are they impaired, forced to readapt again and again, never reaching the heights of fitness that the same populations in a stable environment could achieve?”
To explore this question, she and University of Vermont computer scientist Lapo Frati—as well as two other UVM researchers and one at the University of Cambridge—developed a first-of-its-kind study using a powerful computer model that tracks thousands of generations of digital organisms.
