Biotech/medical – Lifeboat News: The Blog

Jun 24
2023

Reversing Baldness: Surprising New Molecular Mechanism Discovered for Stimulating Hair Growth

Researchers have discovered that senescent pigment cells in skin moles can stimulate robust hair growth, challenging the belief that these cells impede regeneration. The study showed that molecules osteopontin and CD44 play a key role in this process, potentially opening new avenues for therapies for common hair loss conditions.

The process by which aged, or senescent, pigment-making cells in the skin cause significant growth of hair inside skin moles, called nevi, has been identified by a research team led by the University of California, Irvine. The discovery may offer a road map for an entirely new generation of molecular therapies for androgenetic alopecia, a common form of hair loss in both women and men.

The study, published on June 21 in the journal Nature, describes the essential role that the osteopontin and CD44 molecules play in activating hair growth inside hairy skin nevi. These skin nevi accumulate particularly large numbers of senescent pigment cells and yet display very robust hair growth.

Jun 24
2023

Scientists demonstrate terahertz wave camera can capture 3D images of microscopic world

Loughborough University scientists are the first to demonstrate that a terahertz wave camera can capture 3D images of microscopic items hidden inside small objects.

Lead researcher Dr. Luana Olivieri says though the research is in the early stages, the team’s latest study could have “major implications for a range of fields with relevance in cancer screenings, security, and materials research.”

The research, which is in collaboration with Professor Marco Peccianti, Dr. Luke Peters, Dr. Juan S. Totero and a team of experts from the Emergent Photonics Research Center (EPicX), demonstrates that terahertz waves can be used to locate and recognize embedded objects and features, such as cracks and bubbles, in microscopic three-dimensional space. The study has been published in the journal ACS Photonics and is featured on the front cover of the latest issue, published today (June 21).

Jun 24
2023

A new class of interlocking supramolecular systems: MOFaxanes

A team of chemists and material scientists at the University of Tokyo has developed a new class of interlocking supramolecular systems by combining metal-organic frameworks with rotaxanes. In their study, reported in the journal Nature Communications, the group combined the two structures and found possible uses for the results.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are compounds made using metal ions in such a way as to create one-, two-, or three-dimensional structures. The resultant ligands are known in the chemistry world as linkers or struts. They are typically used to make products such as sensing equipment, machines that store energy or those that separate and purify liquids. They have also been used for biological imaging and drug delivery.

Rotaxanes are molecular structures that are interlocked in dumbbell shapes. They are created by threading cyclic molecules into other molecules and then applying end caps. They are typically used as molecular switches in electronics devices, and sometimes as shuttles. In this new effort, the research team developed a way to connect the two types of compounds to create new kinds of interlocking structures.

Jun 23
2023

Mayo Clinic researchers pioneer AI method to predict how cells are organized in disease microenvironments

Cells in the human body, the building blocks of life, are arranged in a precise way. That’s necessary because pathways and spaces provide a means for cells to communicate, collaborate and function within the specific tissue or organ. Changes in cell arrangement can lead to uncontrolled cell growth, cell death and diseases, including cancer.

Scientists at the Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine and Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center have developed an artificial intelligence method, called Spatially Informed Artificial Intelligence (SPIN-AI). This new deep-learning technique can analyze the genetic information of individual cells to reconstruct the precise layout of the cells in a tissue, without preexisting knowledge of how the cells are organized.

The new study detailing SPIN-AI is published in Biomolecules.

Jun 23
2023

Human-like “organ chips” could eliminate animal studies

To rapidly test for COVID-19 treatments without animal studies, researchers make a model human body out of “organ chips.”

Jun 23
2023

Cutting-Edge Nasal Tech Could Usher in a New Era of Medicine

But recently, the nose has gained scientific attention as a gateway to the rest of the body — even the brain, a notoriously difficult target.

The upshot: Someday, inhaling therapies could be as routine as swallowing pills.

The nasal route is quick, needle-free, and user-friendly, and it often requires a smaller dose than other methods, since the drug doesn ’ t have to pass through the digestive tract, losing potency during digestion.

Jun 23
2023

Computer scientists sequence cotton genome

Cotton is the primary source of natural fiber on Earth, yet only four of 50 known species are suitable for textile production. Computer scientists at DePaul University applied a bioinformatics workflow to reconstruct one of the most complete genomes of a top cotton species, African domesticated Gossypium herbaceum cultivar Wagad. Experts say the results give scientists a more complete picture of how wild cotton was domesticated over time and may help to strengthen and protect the crop for farmers in the U.S., Africa and beyond.

The findings are published in the journal G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics. Thiru Ramaraj, assistant professor of computer science in DePaul’s Jarvis College of Computing and Digital Media, is lead author on the publication. Leaps in technological advancement in the past decade made it possible for Ramaraj to analyze the genome in his Chicago lab.

“The power of this technology is it allows us to create high-quality genomes that supply a level of detail that simply wasn’t possible before,” says Ramaraj, who specializes in bioinformatics. “This opens up the possibility for more researchers to sequence many crops that are important to the global economy and to feeding the population.”

Jun 23
2023

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Jun 23
2023

New ‘atlas’ maps bacteria and metabolites associated with elevated risk of cardiovascular disease

A Cleveland Clinic research team has published an “atlas” of metabolites associated with cardiovascular disease in the European Heart Journal. The novel findings provide key details about the routes and potential branching paths taken by bacteria and metabolic by-products, metabolites.

The study mapped out the multiple by-products of bacteria-processing amino acids associated with cardiovascular disease and then compared that to patient data to assess disease risk in two large cohorts—one in the US and another in Europe.

Bacteria in and on our bodies produce metabolites through processing certain molecules, referred to as precursors. Precursors can come in components of our diet, like protein, or as other metabolized substances. Probiotics (living organisms) and prebiotics (fiber, starch) have increasingly been introduced in foods or supplements as possible clinical interventions.

Jun 23
2023

Study reveals how immune system of astronauts breaks down

WASHINGTON, June 22 (Reuters) — Evidence is growing about the many ways that traveling in the microgravity environment of space tampers with the human body, with new research showing how it dials down the activity of genes in white blood cells crucial to the immune system.

A study involving 14 astronauts who spent 4−1÷2 to 6−1÷2 months aboard the International Space Station found that gene expression in these cells, also called leukocytes, quickly decreased when they reached space and then returned to normal not long after returning to Earth, researchers said on Thursday.

The findings offer insight into why astronauts are more susceptible to infections during flights, showing how the body’s system for fighting off pathogens is weakened in space.