Biotech/medical – Lifeboat News: The Blog

Oct 30
2023

Considerations in the Care of Athletes With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Exercise offers benefits for those with type 1 diabetes, but needs careful blood glucose management. Anaerobic & aerobic exercise cause different responses-optimize nutrition, insulin dosing & monitoring to reach target ranges & reduce dysglycemia risk.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease caused by affected individuals’ autoimmune response to their own pancreatic beta-cell. It affects millions of people worldwide. Exercise has numerous health and social benefits for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus; however, careful management of blood glucose is crucial to minimize the risk of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. Anaerobic and aerobic exercises cause different glycemic responses during and after exercise, each of which will affect athletes’ ability to reach their target blood glucose ranges. The optimization of the patient’s macronutrient consumption, especially carbohydrates, the dosage of basal and short-acting insulin, and the frequent monitoring of blood glucose, will enable athletes to perform at peak levels while reducing their risk of dysglycemia. Despite best efforts, hypoglycemia can occur.

Oct 30
2023

An AI approach to treating diabetes

Startup Twin Health is developing a program that uses sensor data to construct a replica of a person’s metabolism and then simulate virtual interventions on the body. The simulations suggest non-drug recommendations that help reverse metabolic disorders such as diabetes.

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Oct 30
2023

Is iron the Achilles’ heel for cancer?

A team of scientists at UC San Francisco reported a way to leverage cancers’ unique metabolic profile to ensure that drugs only target cancer cells: Freethink.

To make matters worse, cancer cells sometimes only die when patients take relatively high doses of a drug. This is because cancer’s metabolism is often greater in cancer cells than in normal cells. For instance, some cancer cells have more MEK enzyme — meaning more cobimetinib is required to stop these cells from replicating. Unfortunately, the doses cancer patients receive often closely approach or even exceed the levels at which the drug causes toxicities in healthy tissues.

Cancer cells hoard iron at a far greater rate than healthy cells, according to previous studies. Although the reason for this remains unclear, the UCSF team realized this could be leveraged to increase the specificity of cancer drugs. If a cancer drug, such as cobimetinib, were only activated in the iron-rich environment of a cancer cell, the drug would be inert when it interacts with healthy cells. It’s something like a two-factor authentication system for cancer drugs.

To test this, the scientist synthesized an iron-activated (IA) cobimetinib that only blocks MEK in an iron-rich environment. The experimental drug inhibited tumor growth as efficiently as standard cobimetinib, but it spared healthy cells. Using a mouse-lung cancer model, mice receiving either IA-cobimetinib or standard cobimetinib had fewer lung lesions and showed prolonged overall survival compared to vehicle-treated mice. When the scientists evaluated IA-cobimetinib’s effect on healthy human retinal and skin cells, they found the healthy tissue was about 10-fold less sensitive than cancer cells to IA-cobimetinib.

Oct 30
2023

Decoding how the brain understands sentences in real-time

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Researchers examine how the brain processes language by using intracranial recordings in epilepsy patients during reading tasks, revealing the neural networks responsible for semantic integration and distinguishing between semantic coherence and task-based referentiality. The study pinpoints specific brain regions activated during sentence processing and offers new insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of language understanding.

Oct 30
2023

Extracellular Matrix-Based Biomaterials for Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering

Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering strategies have made remarkable progress in remodeling, replacing, and regenerating damaged cardiovascular tissues. The design of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds with appropriate biochemical and mechanical characteristics is critical for engineering tissue-engineered replacements. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic scaffolding structure characterized by tissue-specific biochemical, biophysical, and mechanical properties that modulates cellular behavior and activates highly regulated signaling pathways. In light of technological advancements, biomaterial-based scaffolds have been developed that better mimic physiological ECM properties, provide signaling cues that modulate cellular behavior, and form functional tissues and organs.

Oct 29
2023

Who you callin‘ bird-brained? Pigeons learn the same way AI models do

Despite many studies showing pigeons are surprisingly smart, from being as good at counting as primates, to being able to identify breast cancer in X-rays, scientists are fighting a losing battle to dispute their widely held reputation as being a bit “dim-witted.”

A new study has pitted the pigeon up against an artificial-intelligence model and found that both bird and computer follow a similar process in order to work out the problem they’re presented with.

“We found really strong evidence that the mechanisms guiding pigeon learning are remarkably similar to the same principles that guide modern machine learning and AI techniques,” said Brandon Turner, lead author of the study and professor of psychology at Ohio State University. “Our findings suggest that in the pigeon, nature may have found a way to make an incredibly efficient learner that has no ability to generalize or extrapolate like humans would.”

Oct 29
2023

Detecting Lung Cancer EARLY With AI: Dr. Lecia Sequist

Dr. Lecia Sequist is the Program Director of the Cancer Early Detection & Diagnostics Clinic at Mass General Cancer Center. For nearly 20 years, she’s specialized in lung cancer.

Observing first-hand the obstacles involved in current screenings of lung cancer, Dr. Sequist made a career switch to the research of early lung cancer detection. This led her to meet MIT professor, Regina Barzilay. Together, they created Sybil – an open-source AI tool that uses pattern recognition to predict one’s risk of lung cancer.

Dr. Sequist shares the benefits of AI in preventative medicine, how AI works to assess cancer risks, the logistics of using AI, and the importance of getting screened for lung cancer.

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Full story and transcript → https://www.thepatientstory.com/medical-experts/ai-lung-cancer-risks/

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Oct 29
2023

Telomere Length Test #5 in 2023: Which Dietary Factors Are Significantly Correlated?

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Oct 29
2023

Engineering CRISPR Cures: An Interview with Fyodor Urnov

Fyodor Urnov, PhD, is a pioneer in the field of genome editing and one of the scientists most invested in expanding the availability and utility of CRISPR-based therapies to the broadest possible population. He envisions a world in which genome editing can treat the nearly 400 million people who are suffering from one of the 7,000 diseases brought on by gene mutations.

Oct 29
2023

Innovative Therapy Boosts Natural Killer Cells to Fight Blood Cancers: Study

USA: Medical researchers at the University of Minnesota have developed an experimental method for treating hard-to-treat blood cancers using natural killer cells pre-treated with nicotinamide, a compound commonly known as vitamin B3. These natural killer cells are part of the body’s immune system and have the unique ability to target and destroy malignant cells.

A recent study, published in Science Translational Medicine by Frank Cichocki and colleagues, highlights the potential of this approach in treating relapsed or refractory leukemias and lymphomas, where traditional treatments have often failed. The study involved boosting the effectiveness of natural killer cells through pre-treatment with nicotinamide and interleukin-15 (IL-15).