Lifeboat Foundation

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are crucial in processing data from domains such as e-commerce and social networks because they manage complex structures. Traditionally, GNNs operate on data that fits within a system’s main memory. However, with the growing scale of graph data, many networks now require methods to handle datasets that exceed memory limits, introducing the need for out-of-core solutions where data resides on disk.

Despite their necessity, existing out-of-core GNN systems struggle to balance efficient data access with model accuracy. Current systems face a trade-off: either suffer from slow input/output operations due to small, frequent disk reads or compromise accuracy by handling graph data in disconnected chunks. For instance, while pioneering, these challenges have limited previous solutions like Ginex and MariusGNN, showing significant drawbacks in training speed or accuracy.

The DiskGNN framework, developed by researchers from Southern University of Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Centre for Perceptual and Interactive Intelligence, AWS Shanghai AI Lab, and New York University, emerges as a transformative solution specifically designed to optimize the speed and accuracy of GNN training on large datasets. This system utilizes an innovative offline sampling technique that prepares data for quick access during training. By preprocessing and arranging graph data based on expected access patterns, DiskGNN reduces unnecessary disk reads, significantly enhancing training efficiency.

Adopting electrostatic assembly processes where the nanoparticles attach themselves to an oppositely charged surface is a possible way out of this dilemma. Once a monolayer is formed, the nanoparticles self-limit further assembly by repelling other similarly charged nanoparticles away from the surface. Unfortunately, this process can be very time-consuming.

While artificial methods struggle with these drawbacks, underwater adhesion processes found in nature have evolved into unique strategies to overcome this problem. In this regard, a team of researchers from Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, led by Ph.D. student Doeun Kim (first author) and Assistant Professor Hyeon-Ho Jeong (corresponding author), developed a “mussel-inspired” one-shot nanoparticle assembly technique that transports materials from water in microscopic volumes to 2-in. wafers in 10 seconds, while enabling 2D mono-layered assembly with excellent surface coverage of around 40%. Their work was published in Advanced Materials on April 18, 2024, and highlighted as a frontispiece.

“Our key approach to overcome the existing challenge came from observing how mussels reach the target surface against water. We saw that mussels simultaneously radiate amino acids to dissociate water molecules on the surface, enabling swift attachment of the chemical adhesive on the target surface. We realized that an analogous situation where we introduce excess protons to remove hydroxyl groups from the target surface, thus increasing the electrostatic attraction force between the nanoparticles and the surface and accelerating the assembly process,” said Ms. Kim when asked about the motivation behind the unique nature-inspired approach.

Professor Junsuk Rho from the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, and Electrical Engineering, Hyunjung Kang and Nara Jeon, PhD candidates, from Department of Mechanical Engineering and Dongkyo Oh, a PhD student, from the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) successfully conducted a thorough quantitative analysis. Their aim is to determine the ideal printing material for crafting ultraviolet metasurfaces.

Their findings featured in the journal Microsystems & Nanoengineering (“Tailoring high-refractive-index nanocomposites for manufacturing of ultraviolet metasurfaces”).

Diagram illustrating the composition of nanocomposites for ultraviolet metasurface fabrication. (Top) Diagram illustrating the ZrO 2 nanocomposite’s role in achieving high transfer fidelity ultraviolet metaholograms. (Bottom) Comparison of UV holograms under various solvent conditions. (Image: POSTECH)

CRISPR gene editing leads to improvements in vision for people with inherited blindness, a recent clinical trial shows.

BASEL, Switzerland — A reliable and ultra-powerful quantum computer could finally be on the horizon. Researchers from the University of Basel and the NCCR SPIN in Switzerland have made an exciting advancement in the world of quantum computing, achieving the first controllable interaction between two “hole spin qubits” inside a standard silicon transistor. This leap forward could eventually allow quantum computer chips to carry millions of qubits — a feat that would drastically scale up their processing power and potentially replace the modern computer.

First, we need to explain some of the high-tech terms involved in the new study published in Nature Physics. A qubit is the quantum equivalent of a bit, the fundamental building block of data in conventional computing. While a standard bit can be either a 0 or a 1, qubits can be both simultaneously, thanks to the principles of quantum mechanics. This allows quantum computers to handle complex calculations at speeds today’s standard computers will never achieve.

The concept of hole spin qubits might sound even more abstract. In simple terms, in the materials used for making computer chips, electrons (tiny particles with negative charge) move around, and sometimes they leave behind empty spaces or “holes.”

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Musk, Gates, Hawking, Altman and Putin all fear artificial general intelligence, AGI. But what is AGI and why might it be an advantage that more people are trying to develop it despite very serious risks?

“We are all so small and weak. Imagine how easy life would be if we had an owl to help us build nests,” said one sparrow to the flock. Others agreed:

“Yes, and we could use it to look after our elderly and our children. And it could give us good advice and keep an eye on the cat.”

A new book by Nick Bostrom is a major publishing and cultural event. His 2014 book, Superintelligence, helped to wake the world up to the impact of the first Big Bang in AI, the arrival of deep learning. Since then we have had a second Big Bang in AI, with the introduction of transformer systems like GPT-4. Bostrom’s previous book focused on the downside potential of advanced AI. His new one explores the upside.

Deep Utopia is an easier read than its predecessor, although its author cannot resist using some of the phraseology of professional philosophers, so readers may have to look up words like “modulo” and “simpliciter.” Despite its density and its sometimes grim conclusions, Superintelligence had a sprinkling of playful self-ridicule and snark. There is much more of this in the current offering.

The structure of Deep Utopia is deeply odd. The book’s core is a series of lectures by an older version of the author, which are interrupted a couple of times by conflicting bookings of the auditorium, and once by a fire alarm. The lectures are attended and commented on by three students, Kelvin, Tessius and Firafax. At one point they break the theatrical fourth wall by discussing whether they are fictional characters in a book, a device reminiscent of the 1991 novel Sophie’s World.

Efficient. Fast. Autonomous. And one day it will erase humans: #AI I personally always said there is another perspective to artificial intelligence and the only thing that is super is the outcome for humans. Philosopher Nick Bostom has a new book, and it’s finally acknowledging the potential of a harmonious human-AI relationship and its problem solving capabilities. AI = augmented intelligence #design #ai #problemsolving #innovation #creativeai