In order to terraform new planets, we will need to be able transport entire ecologies & ecosystems through interstellar space in the future. Today we will examine how we could build and maintain such environments inside vast arks, generations ships able to colonize our galaxy, and the challenges these starships will face maintaining not just stores of DNA and genetic material but living organisms which depend heavily on other members of their species and other species to survive and thrive, not least of which is human ourselves. Visit our sponsor, Brilliant: https://brilliant.org/IsaacArthur/ Join this channel to get access to perks: / @isaacarthursfia Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net Join Nebula: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur Support us on Patreon: / isaacarthur Support us on Subscribestar: https://www.subscribestar.com/isaac-a… Group: / 1,583,992,725,237,264 Reddit: / isaacarthur Twitter: / isaac_a_arthur on Twitter and RT our future content. SFIA Discord Server: / discord Listen or Download the audio of this episode from Soundcloud: Episode’s Audio-only version: / exporting-earth Episode’s Narration-only version: / exporting-earth-ships-narration-only Credits: Exporting Earth Episode 150, Season 4 E36 Writers: Isaac Arthur Editors: Darius Said Gregory Leal https://www.gregschool.org/ Jerry Guern Konstantin Sokerin Laura Graham Mark Warburton Matthew Acker Sigmund Kopperud Stuart Graham https://beyondnerva.wordpress.com Producer: Isaac Arthur Cover Artist: Jakub Grygier https://www.artstation.com/jakub_grygier Graphics Team: Darth Biomech https://www.artstation.com/darth_biomech Fishy Tree https://www.deviantart.com/fishytree/ Jarred Eagley Jeremy Jozwik https://www.artstation.com/zeuxis_of_… Katie Byrne Ken York / ydvisual Krisitijan Tavcar https://www.miragedereve.com LegionTech Studios Sam McNamara Sergio Boterio https://www.artstation.com/sboterod?f… Narrator: Isaac Arthur Music Manager: Luca DeRosa — lucaderosa2@live.com Music: Dracovallis, “Golden Meadows” https://dracovallis.bandcamp.com/ NJ Mandaville, “Intrumental Background 1” / nj-mandaville Kevin Macleod, “Infinite Wonder” / @incompetech_kmac Chris Zabriskie, “Candlepower” http://chriszabriskie.com Kai Engel, “Endless Story About Sun and Moon” https://www.kai-engel.com/ Lombus, “Amino” https://lombus.bandcamp.com Aerium, “Windmill Forests” / @officialaerium Epic Mountain, “Rising Sky” / epicmountain.

The galaxy is a vast place with billions of potential new worlds for humanity to colonize, but interstellar space is so enormous that reaching even the nearest stars and planets by spaceship would take decades at best, and maybe many centuries. Even on arrival terraforming those barren planets would take just as long.

Two options for overcoming the immensity of space and time are the Seed Ship and the Data Ship, automated vessels able to colonize the worlds for us. We will examine those today, their advantages, limitations, and misconceptions, and variations of them we might use to seed the stars.
Join this channel to get access to perks: / @isaacarthursfia.
Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net.
Join Nebula: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur.
Support us on Patreon: / isaacarthur.
Support us on Subscribestar: https://www.subscribestar.com/isaac-a… Group: / 1,583,992,725,237,264 Reddit: / isaacarthur Twitter: / isaac_a_arthur on Twitter and RT our future content. SFIA Discord Server: / discord Listen or Download the audio of this episode from Soundcloud: Episode’s Audio-only version: / seeding-the-stars Episode’s Narration-only version: / seeding-the-stars-narration-only Credits: Seeding the Stars Episode 166, Season 4 E52 Writers: Isaac Arthur Editors: Alex Chamak A.T. Long Cooper de Ruiter D. Hemanshi Daniel McNamara Darius Said Edward Nardella Evan Schultheis Keith Blockus Mark Warburton Matthew Acker Safia Postgate Stuart Graham https://beyondnerva.wordpress.com Sigmund Kopperud Producer: Isaac Arthur Cover Artist: Jakub Grygier https://www.artstation.com/jakub_grygier Graphics Team: Bryan Versteeg http://spacehabs.com Darth Biomech https://www.artstation.com/darth_biomech Fishy Tree https://www.deviantart.com/fishytree/ Jarred Eagley Jeremy Jozwik https://www.artstation.com/zeuxis_of_… Justin Dixon LegionTech Studios Mihail Yordanov Sam McNamara Serigio Botero https://www.artstation.com/sboterod?f… SpaceResourcesCGI Audio Editing Eric Schneider Narrator: Isaac Arthur Music Manager: Luca DeRosa — lucaderosa2@live.com Music: Markus Junnikkala, “Plotting a Course” https://www.markusjunnikkala.com/ Paradox Interactive, Andreas Waldetoft, “Dark Minds” https://www.paradoxplaza.com Lombus, “Hydrogen Sonata” https://lombus.bandcamp.com Paradox Interactive, “In Search of Life” https://www.paradoxplaza.com Serena Elis, “Between the Space” / serenaelis Taras Harkavyi, “Alpha-and-…” https://www.discogs.com/artist/625697… Paradox Interactive, Andreas Waldetoft, “The Birth of a Star” https://www.paradoxplaza.com Ayreon, “The Theory of Everything, Part 1″ / @arjenalucassen.
Facebook Group: / 1583992725237264
Reddit: / isaacarthur.
Twitter: / isaac_a_arthur on Twitter and RT our future content.
SFIA Discord Server: / discord.

Listen or Download the audio of this episode from Soundcloud: Episode’s Audio-only version: / seeding-the-stars.
Episode’s Narration-only version: / seeding-the-stars-narration-only.

Credits:
Seeding the Stars.
Episode 166, Season 4 E52

Writers:
Isaac Arthur.

Editors:
Alex Chamak.
A.T. Long.
Cooper de Ruiter.
D. Hemanshi.
Daniel McNamara.
Darius Said.
Edward Nardella.
Evan Schultheis.
Keith Blockus.
Mark Warburton.
Matthew Acker.
Safia Postgate.
Stuart Graham https://beyondnerva.wordpress.com.
Sigmund Kopperud.

This video explores the future of Mars colonization and terraforming from 2030 to 3000. Watch this next video about the 10 stages of AI: • The 10 Stages of Artificial Intelligence.
5 Free ChatGPT Prompts To Become a Superhuman: https://bit.ly/3Oka9FM
AI for Business Leaders (Udacity Program): https://bit.ly/3Qjxkmu.
My Patreon: / futurebusinesstech.
Official Discord Server: / discord.

SOURCES:
• https://scitechdaily.com/mars-settlem…
• https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/elon…
• https://2050.earth/predictions/a-sust…
• https://www.businessinsider.com/elon–…
• https://www.inverse.com/innovation/sp…
• https://www.inverse.com/article/54358…
• https://futurism.com/the-byte/elon-mu…
• https://www.lpi.usra.edu/V2050/presen…
• https://www.mars-one.com.
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coloniz…
• https://www.nationalgeographic.org/hi…
• https://www.spacex.com/human-spacefli…
• https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/2…
• https://www.space.com/how-feed-one-mi…
• https://www.usatoday.com/in-depth/new…
• https://futuretimeline.net/
• https://eatlikeamartian.org/
• / realistically_speaking_when_do_you_think_w…
• https://www.astronomy.com/space-explo…

Official Discord Server: / discord.

On this channel, I explain the following concepts:
• Future and emerging technologies.
• Future and emerging trends related to technology.
• The connection between Science Fiction concepts and reality.

SUBSCRIBE: https://bit.ly/3geLDGO

Disclaimer:
Some links in this description are affiliate links.
As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases.

This is a sci-fi documentary, looking at what it takes to build an underground city on Mars. The choice to go underground is for protection, from the growing storm radiation that rains down on the surface every day. And to further advance the Mars colonization efforts.

Where will the materials to build the city come from? How will the crater be covered to protect the inhabitants? And what will it feel like to live in this city, that is in a hole in the ground?

It is a dream of building an advanced Mars colony, and showing the science and future space technology needed to make it happen.

Personal inspiration in creating this video comes from: The Expanse TV show and books, and The Martian.

Other topics in the video include: the plan and different phases of construction, the robots building the city, structures that are on the surface versus below the surface, pressurizing a habitat on Mars, the soil and how to turn it in Martian concrete, the art of terraforming, and the different materials that can be extracted from the planet. And the future plans of the Mars colony, from building upwards to venturing to the asteroid belt and Jupiter’s 95 moons.

PATREON
The first volume of ‘The Encyclopedia of the Future’ is available on my Patreon.

Quantum computing has provided new insights into a fundamental aspect of photochemical reactions that has previously proven difficult to study. The findings could improve scientists’ understanding of light-driven processes such as photosynthesis, smog formation and ozone destruction.

Photochemical processes occur when atomic nuclei and their electrons take on different configurations after absorbing a photon. Some of these reactions are guided by a quantum phenomenon called a conical intersection, where the potential energy surfaces that describe a molecule in its ground state and in its excited state converge. In these situations, quantum mechanical interference can prevent certain molecular transformations from taking place – a constraint known as a geometric phase. This limits the path that the reaction can take and affects the reaction outcome. The geometric phase has been known about since the 1950s, but due to the femtosecond timescales involved, it has never been directly observed in a molecular system.

Scientists at the University of Sydney have, for the first time, used a quantum computer to engineer and directly observe a process critical in chemical reactions by slowing it down by a factor of 100 billion times.

Joint lead researcher and Ph.D. student, Vanessa Olaya Agudelo, said, It is by understanding these basic processes inside and between molecules that we can open up a new world of possibilities in materials science, drug design, or solar energy harvesting.

It could also help improve other processes that rely on molecules interacting with light, such as how smog is created or how the ozone layer is damaged.

As sci-fi fans will attest, scenes of the distant future aren’t too difficult to imagine. We’ve got fleets of intergalactic ships exploring the inscrutable vastness of space. We’ve got legions of hardy settlers terraforming strange, new worlds. There’s a great galactic chain of humanity forged through will, knowledge, and intellect stretching across the Milky Way and beyond. At least, that’s one version. Some would describe a brutal, militaristic future for humanity, or one of disembodied consciousnesses and networks of planet-spanning artificial intelligence. But in each version, there’s one crucial element that humanity can’t do without: energy.

Energy is such a fundamental, critical component to civilization — off-world or not — that Soviet astronomer Nikolai Kardashev in 1964 labeled spacefaring civilizations based on how much energy they consumed; the higher the ranking, the more advanced, as Space.com explains. We’re talking far, far beyond crude fuel like oil and coal. Earth isn’t even a Type I civilization because we haven’t harnessed all the energy available on our own planet. By contrast, a Type II civilization would be able to build an energy-harnessing structure like a Dyson sphere around its own sun, as described in Popular Mechanics. After all, all those intergalactic ships, stations, settlements, etc., need power from somewhere, same as they need materials.

So what if there was some nigh-infinite, nigh-magical source of energy that permeated the entire universe? What if it could be tapped at will, from anywhere at any time? That’s zero-point energy in a nutshell.

Year 2023 face_with_colon_three

If humanity is ever to consider substantial, long-term colonization of Mars, the resources needed are going to be extensive. For a long-term human presence on Mars to be established, serious thought would need to be given to terraforming the planet. One major requirement for such terraforming is having the protection of a planetary magnetic field — which Mars currently does not have. The Earth’s magnetosphere helps protect the planet from the potential sterilizing effects of cosmic rays and also helps retain the atmosphere, which would otherwise by stripped by large solar storms as they pass over the planet. Mars does have small patches of remnant surface magnetic field, but these are localized in the southern hemisphere and are not of sufficient size or magnitude to protect the planet or a colony.

In this article we explore comprehensively for the first time, the practical and engineering challenges that affect the feasibility of creating an artificial magnetic field capable of encompassing Mars. This includes the concerns that define the design, where to locate the magnetic field generator and possible construction strategies. The rationale here is not to justify the need for a planetary magnetosphere but to put figures on the practicalities so as to be able to weigh the pros and cons of the different engineering approaches.

The optimum solution proposed is completely novel, although inspired by natural situations and fusion plasma techniques. The solution with the lowest power, assembly and mass is to create an artificial charged particle ring (similar in form to a ‘radiation belt’), around the planet possibly formed by ejecting matter from one of the moons of Mars (in a fashion similar to that which forms the Jupiter-Io plasma torus), but using electromagnetic and plasma waves to drive a net current in the ring(s) that results in an overall magnetic field.

40 SpaceX Starships are terraforming Mars. Slowly transforming the Martian atmosphere, water begins to flow on the surface. Building the foundation for long term Mars colonization.

Going beyond the ‘First 10,000 Days on Mars’ and 2050, this is a timelapse look into the future.

Humans are surviving on Mars underground, in a crater habitat. A deep crater is enclosed, creating a mini Earth that is open and breathable. Tunnel diggers dig into the sides of the crater, creating more space and connecting other craters, landing pads, and lava tubes to form an underground Mars colony network… In part, inspired by: Mars garden quote: The Expanse — Chrisjen Avasarala Living on Mars — TED Talk by Stephen Petranek • https://youtu.be/t9c7aheZxls Andy Weir (The Martian) — Conversations With Joe • https://youtu.be/4dgwnhFf_6Y — Building on Mars — Articles Join the newsletter to read my new articles about “Building on Mars.” Or you can view them at my website: www.vx-c.com. • From Dust to Structures: How to Create Concrete and Metal on Mars • The (Not So) Simple Act of Building on Mars: The Engineering Challenges of Constructing on the Red Planet — A terraforming sci-fi documentary, and a timelapse look into the future of Mars colonization. — Book recommendations from Elon Musk on artificial intelligence, Mars, future technology and innovations, and sci-fi stories (affiliate links): • Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies https://amzn.to/3j28WkP • Life 3.0: Being Human in the Age of Artificial Intelligence https://amzn.to/3790bU1 • Our Final Invention: Artificial Intelligence and the End of the Human Era https://amzn.to/351t9Ta • The Foundation: https://amzn.to/3i753dU • The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy: https://amzn.to/3kNFSyW — Other videos to watch: • TIMELAPSE OF FUTURE SPACECRAFT: 2025 — 3000+ https://youtu.be/RL74Jb4OU9U • NASA 1958 — 2100 (Timelapse of past & future technology) https://youtu.be/2qaDEt7PCMI • MOON BASE — THE FIRST 10,000 DAYS (Timelapse) https://youtu.be/XOhz7ZBZ_1U …

In part, inspired by:
Mars garden quote: The Expanse — Chrisjen Avasarala.

Living on Mars — TED Talk by Stephen Petranek.
• https://youtu.be/t9c7aheZxls.

Andy Weir (The Martian) — Conversations With Joe.
• https://youtu.be/4dgwnhFf_6Y

Go ‘beyond the nutshell’ at https://brilliant.org/nutshell by diving deeper into these topics and more with 20% off an annual subscription!
This video was sponsored by Brilliant. Thanks a lot for the support!

Sources & further reading:
https://sites.google.com/view/sources-mars-terraforming.

Mars is a disappointing hellhole lacking practically everything we need to stay alive. It looks like we’ll only ever have small crews spend a miserable time hidden underground. Except, we could terraform it into a green new world. But to solve the planet’s problems, we first need to make it worse and turn it into oceans of lava with gigantic lasers.

This video was animated with help from our friends at Thought Cafe. Check out their Video “Could We Live on Mars?” here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KQqHDEYpIvI

OUR CHANNELS
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
German: https://kgs.link/youtubeDE
Spanish: https://kgs.link/youtubeES
French: https://kgs.link/youtubeFR
Portuguese: https://kgs.link/youtubePT
Arabic: https://kgs.link/youtubeAR
Hindi: https://kgs.link/youtubeHI
Japanese: https://kgs.link/youtubeJA
Korean: https://kgs.link/youtubeKO

HOW CAN YOU SUPPORT US?
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
This is how we make our living and it would be a pleasure if you support us!